Sains Malaysiana 33(1): 129-145 (2004)                                                                                      Sains Hayat/

Life Sciences

Penilaian Pengambilan Sisa Racun Perosak melalui Pemakanan

(Evaluation of dietary intake of pesticides residues)

Nurul Izzah Ahmad

Pusat Penyelidikan Kesihatan Alam Sekitar

Institut Penyelidikan Perubatan

50588 Jalan Pahang, Kuala Lumpur

Aminah Abdullah

Program Sains Makanan

Pusat Pengajian Sains Kimia dan Teknologi Makanan

Fakulti Sains dan Teknologi

Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia

43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor D.E.

ABSTRAK

Pencemaran makanan merupakan masalah global yang berpunca daripada aktiviti perindustrian dan pertanian atau semasa pemprosesan atau penyimpanan makanan. Pencemaran ini akan mengakibatkan kemerosotan kesihatan kepada manusia. Terdapat pelbagai usaha daripada pihak kerajaan mahupun perindustrian untuk meminimumkan tahap pencemaran makanan. Pengurusan pencemaran makanan secara berkesan merupakan penilaian potensi risiko kesihatan yang melibatkan bahan pencemar spesifik. Program pengawasan dan penilaian makanan (CEMS/Food) dibawah UNEP, FAO dan WHO telah ditubuhkan pada 1976 dengan keanggotaan sebanyak 40 buah negara pada tahun 1992. Tujuan utama program tersebut adalah memberi makluman berkaitan tahap dan corak bahan pencemar makanan, penyebaran dan perkaitan dengan kesihatan awam serta penjualan makanan. Data yang dikongsikan oleh program ini adalah tahap bahan kimia utama didalam makanan yang menjadi diet utama. Lain-lain data termasuklah anggaran pengambilan bahan kimia tersebut melalui pemakanan serta perbandingan seterusnya kepada piawaian toksikologi atau tahap toleran mereka.

ABSTRACT

Food contaminations are global problems that arise from industrial pollu­tion, agricultural practices, or from food preparation and storage processes. Food contamination may lead to adverse health effects and there is consid­erable effort on the part of governments and industry to minimize the level of contamination. A joint Food Contamination Monitoring and Assessment Programme under the UN Environmental Programme (UNEP) in conjunction with FAO and WHO was established in 1976. There are increases in numbers of 40 countries participating the programme in 1992. The main objectives of the Programme is to be informed about levels and trends of contamination in food, their contribution to total human exposure and significance with regard to public health and trade. The Programme have been concerned with levels of priority chemicals in foods of major dietary importance and a significant portion of the data concerns the estimated total dietary intake of those contaminants selected for further comparison with toxicologically available standards or tolerance intake levels.

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