Sains Malaysiana 33(1): 73-81 (2004)                                                                                           Sains Bumi /

Earth Science

Penghasilan Aseton-Butanol-Etanol dan Gas Hidrogen daripada

Efluen Kilang Kelapa Sawit Secara Fermentasi Anaerobik

dengan Clostridium acetobutylicum NCIMB 13357

(Production of acetone-butanol-ethanol and hydrogen of palm oil mill effluent

anaerobic fermentation with Clostridium acetobutylicum NCIMB 13357)

Pang Wey Kit, Wan Mohtar Wan Yusoff

Pusat Pengajian BioSains dan Bioteknologi

Fakulti Sains dan Teknologi

Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia

43600 UKM Bangi Selangor D.E. Malaysia

Mohd Sahaid Kalil

Jabatan Kejuruteraan Kimia dan Proses

Fakulti Kejuruteraan

Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia

43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor D.E.Malayisa

Osman Hassan

Pusat Pengajian Sains Kimia dan Teknologi Makanan

Fakulti Sains dan Teknologi

Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia

43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor D.E. Malaysia

ABSTRAK

Kajian ke atas penggunaan secara terus efluen kilang sawit (POME) sebagai medium fermentasi aseton-butanol-etanol dan hidrogen (ABE/H) oleh Clostrid­ium acetobutylicum NClMB 13357 telah dilakukan dalam sistem kultur kelompok. Kesan kepekatan POME termendak dan kesan pH awal medium ke atas penghasilan ABE/H telah diteliti. Didapati 90% POME termendak (POME90) menghasilkan jumlah kepekatan ABE yang tertinggi sebanyak 4.01 g/L (pH 5.8) dengan kepekatan aseton; 1. 97g/L, butanol; 1.74g/L dan etanol; 0.3g/L. Penghasilan butanol adalah maksimum pada pH 6.0 iaitu sebanyak 1.86g/L. Kultur dengan kepekatan POME90 menghasilkan gas hidrogen lebih tinggi berbanding dengan kultur berkepekatan POME termendak yang lebih rendah. Penghasilan gas hidrogen didapati tertinggi pada pH 5.5 (31mL). Gas hidrogen turut dihasilkan pada pH awal medium lain dengan penghasilan melebihi 50% (v/v) kecuali pada pH 4.5 yang hanya menghasilkan 5mL (16% v/v) gas hidrogen.

ABSTRACT

Palm oil mill effluent (POME) can be utilised directly as the sole substrate in the anaerobic fermentation of acetone-butanol-ethanol (ABE) and hydrogen by Clostridium acetobutylicum NClMB13357 in a submerged batch system. Effects of sedimented POME concentration and the initial culture pH on the production of ABE/H were studied. Sedimented POME with 90% v/v (POME90) at pH 5.8 is capable of producing 4.01 g/L ABE with acetone concentration at 1.97 g/L; butanol 1.74 g/L and ethanol 0.3 g/L. The highest concentration of butanol (1.86 g/L) was produced from a culture with initial pH 6.0. The production of hydrogen gas was proportioned to the concentration of POME. The highest hydrogen gas production was at pH 5.5 (31 mL). More than 50% (v/v) of hydrogen gas was produced at different pH except pH 4.5, when only 16% (v/v) or 5 mL of hydrogen was produced.

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