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Sains
Malaysiana 38(4)(2009): 435–442
Water Quality and Heavy Metal Concentrations in
Sediment of Sungai Kelantan, Kelantan, Malaysia: A Baseline Study
(Kualiti
Air dan Kepekatan Logam Berat di dalam Sedimen Sungai Kelantan,
Kelantan,
Malaysia: Kajian Nilai Dasar)
A.K. Ahmad*, I. Mushrifah, & Mohamad Shuhaimi-Othman
Environmental
Science Program
School
of Environmental and Natural Resources Sciences
Faculty
of Science & Technology, Universiti
Kebangsaan Malaysia
43600 UKM, Bangi,
Selangor, D.E. Malaysia
Received:
12 February 2008 / Accepted: 04
November 2008
ABSTRACT
A study on water quality and heavy metal
concentration in sediment at selected sites of Sungai Kelantan was carried out. Ten water samples were
collected along the river for physical and chemical analysis and twenty-six
water and sediment samples were collected for heavy metal analysis. Water was
sampled at three different dates throughout the study period whereas sediments
were collected once. In addition to heavy metal analysis, sediment samples were
also analysed for texture, pH and organic content. The physical and chemical
water quality analyses were carried out according to the APHA procedures. Result of
water quality analysis (physico-chemical) indicated that Sungai Kelantan is characterised
by excellent water quality and comparable to pristine ecosystems such as the
National Park and Kenyir Lake. This river was classified into class I – class
III based on Malaysian interim water quality standard criteria (INWQS). Heavy
metals Pb, Zn, Cu and Cd was detected at low concentration in sediment
samples, except for Fe and Mn. The presence of Fe and Mn in sediment samples
was though to be of natural origin from the soil. Anthropogenic metal
concentrations in sediment were low indicating that Sungai Kelantan has not
experienced extreme pollution.
Keywords: Heavy metal; pollution; river; sediment;
water
ABSTRAK
Satu kajian kepekatan
logam berat di beberapa kawasan terpilih di Sungai Kelantan telah dilakukan. Sebanyak
10 sampel air telah diambil untuk ujian fizikal dan kimia air dan 26 sampel air
dan sedimen telah diambil untuk ujian kepekatan logam berat. Sampel air telah diambil sebanyak tiga kali sepanjang tempoh
kajian. Sampel sedimen turut dianalisis untuk
parameter tekstur, pH and kandungan organik. Analisis
fizikal dan kimia air telah dilakukan dengan merujuk kepada prosedur APHA. Hasil ujian kualiti air
menunjukkan Sungai Kelantan mempunyai kualiti air yang baik dan secara
perbandingan umumnya setara dengan kawasan yang bersih seperti Taman Negara dan
Tasik Kenyir. Sungai Kelantan boleh dikelaskan di antara kelas I – III
berdasarkan kepada nilai interim piawaian kualiti air Malaysia (INWQS). Kepekatan logam berat
Pb, Zn, Cu dan Cd dikesan pada kepekatan yang rendah di dalam sampel sedimen
kecuali logam Fe dan Mn. Walau bagaimanapun, kepekatan Fe dan Mn yang
diperolehi masih di dalam julat kepekatan semulajadi di dalam sedimen. Kepekatan logam antropogenik di dalam sedimen adalah rendah dan
menggambarkan bahawa Sungai Kelantan tidak mengalami pencemaran yang serius.
Kata kunci: Air; logam berat; pencemaran; sedimen;
sungai
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