Sains Malaysiana 38(6)(2009): 817–825

Exploring the Use of Empirical Methods to Measure the Secondary Production of Strombus canarium (Gastropoda: Strombidae) Population in Johor Straits, Malaysia

 (Tinjauan Penggunaan Beberapa Kaedah Empirik untuk Mengukur Penghasilan Sekunder bagi Populasi Strombus canarium (Gastropoda: Strombidae) di Selat Johor, Malaysia)

Zaidi Che Cob* & Mazlan Abd. Ghaffar

Marine Ecosystem Research Center (EKOMAR)

School of Environmental and Natural Resource Science, Faculty of Science and Technology

Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor D.E., Malaysia

Aziz Arshad & Japar Sidik Bujang

Department of Biology, Faculty of Science

Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor D.E., Malaysia

Received: 13 November 2008 / Accepted: 29 January 2009

ABSTRACT

The study was conducted at Merambong Shoal (01^o19.979’N, 103 ^o 35.965’E) in the Sungai Pulai estuary, Johor Straits, Malaysia from January to December 2005. Standing biomass of male and female Strombus canarium sub populations was calculated monthly based on the abundance value of each cohort and on the length-weight relationship. Secondary production was estimated using increment summation method, upon recognition of cohorts following the size-frequency distribution analysis using Bhattacharya and Hasselblad’s NORMSEP methods. Monthly variations in standing biomass (B) and production (P) showed higher values during the wet season compared to dry season, which indicate seasonal variations. Total production (P) was estimated at 0.14 gAFDWm^-2yr^-1 and 0.45 gAFDWm^-2yr^-1, while the annual mean population biomass ( ) was estimated at 0.13 gAFDWm^-2 and 0.26 gAFDWm^-2, for males and females, respectively. The P/ ratio was therefore calculated at 1.08 yr^-1 for male and 1.73 yr^-1 for female, which was within the values reported for other gastropod species. Estimates using empirical methods commonly used in secondary production studies found that none could be applied to the species. Considering the large amount of time, effort and resources involved in the conventional production estimation method, more studies are needed to establish a reliable production estimates for S. canarium, and possibly other gastropod species within the tropical region.

Keywords: Biomass; increment summation method; Merambong Shoal; secondary production; Strombus canarium

ABSTRAK

Kajian ini telah dijalankan di Beting Merambong (01 ^o 19.979’U, 103 ^o35.965’T) yang terletak di kawasan muara Sungai Pulai, Selat Johor, Malaysia, dari Januari hingga Disember 2005. Nilai biomass bagi sub populasi jantan dan betina Strombus canarium telah dikira setiap bulan berdasar kepada nilai kelimpahan setiap kohot, serta hubungan panjang-berat. Penghasilan sekunder dianggar menggunakan kaedah penjumlahan pertambahan, hasil daripada pengenalpastian kohot-kohot melalui analisis taburan saiz-frekuensi menggunakan kaedah Bhattacharya dan kaedah NORMSEP Hasselblad. Variasi bulanan bagi biomass (B) dan penghasilan (P) menunjukkan nilai yang lebih tinggi semasa musim hujan berbanding musim kering, yang menunjukkan wujudnya variasi musiman. Jumlah penghasilan (P) telah dianggarkan pada 0.14 gAFDWm^-2thn^-1 untuk dan 0.45 gAFDWm^-2thn^-1, sementara nilai purata tahunan biomas ( ) telah dianggarkan pada 0.13 gAFDWm^-2 dan 0.26 gAFDWm^-2, masing-masing untuk jantan dan betina. Nisbah P/seterusnya telah dikira pada 1.08 thn^-1 untuk jantan dan 1.73 thn^-1 untuk betina yang berada di dalam julat nilai-nilai yang dilaporkan untuk gastropod lain. Anggaran-anggaran menggunakan kaedah empirik yang biasa digunakan dalam kajian-kajian penghasilan sekunder mendapati tiada satu pun yang boleh diguna pakai untuk spesies yang dikaji. Mengambil kira sejumlah besar masa, tenaga dan sumber yang terlibat dalam kaedah anggaran penghasilan konvensional, lebih banyak kajian diperlukan untuk memperolehi satu kaedah anggaran penghasilan yang boleh diyakini bagi S. canarium dan kemungkinannya bagi spesies gastropod lain di dalam kawasan tropika.

Kata kunci: Biomas; kaedah penjumlahan pertambahan; Merambong shoal; penghasilan sekunder; Strombus canarium

REFERENCES

Amini, S. 1986. Preliminary study on gonggong (Strombus canarium) in Bintan waters Riau. Jurnal Penelitian Perikanan Laut 36: 23-29.

Banse, K. & Mosher, S. 1980. Adult body mass and annual production/biomass relationship of field populations. Ecological Monograph 50(3): 355-379.

Benke, A.C. 1984. Secondary production of aquatic insects. In Ecology of aquatic insects, edited by Resh, V.H. & Rosenberg D.M. New York: Praeger.

Bhattacharya, C.G. 1967. A simple method of resolution of a distribution into gaussian components. Biometrics 23: 115–135.

Brey, T. 1990a. Estimating productivity of macrobenthic invertebrates from biomass and mean individual weight. Meeresforschung 32: 329-343.

Brey, T. 1990b. Confidence limits for secondary production estimates: application of the bootstrap to the increment summation method. Marine Biology 106: 503-508.

Cardenas, E.B., Aldana-Aranda, D. & Olivares, G.M. 2005. Gonad development and reproductive pattern of the fighting conch Strombus pugilis (Linne, 1758) (Gastropoda, Prosobranchia) from Canphece, Mexico. Journal of Shellfish Research 24(4): 1127-1133.

Cardoso, P.G., Lillebo, A.I., Pardal, M.A., Ferreira, S.M. & Marquas, J.C. 2002. The effects of different primary producers on Hydrobia ulvae population dynamics: a case study in a temperate intertidal estuary. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 277: 173-195.

Cob, Z.C., Arshad, A., Japar Sidik, B. & Mazlan A.G. 2009.Species description and distribution of Strombus (Mollusca, Strombidae) in Johor Straits and its surrounding areas. Sains Malaysiana 38(1): 39-46.

Cob, Z.C., Arshad, A., Idris, H.M., Japar Sidik, B. & Mazlan, A.G. 2008a. Sexual Polymorphisms in a Population of Strombus canarium Linnaeus, 1758 (Mollusca: Gastropoda) at Merambong Shoal, Malaysia. Zoological Studies 47(3):318-325.

Cob, Z.C., Arshad, A., Japar Sidik, B. & Mazlan, A.G. 2008b. Sexual Maturity and Sex Determination in Strombus canarium Linnaeus, 1758 (Gastropoda: Strombidae). Journal of Biological Science 8(3): 616-621.

Cob, Z.C., Arshad, A., Japar Sidik, B. & Mazlan, A.G. 2008c. On the biology and basic characteristics of the population dynamic of the dog conch, Strombus canarium Linnaeus, 1758 (Strombidae). Journal of Bioscience 19(2): 81-97.

Crisp, DJ. 1984. Energy flow measurements. In Methods for the study of marine benthos, edited by Holme, N.A. & McIntyre, A.D. Blackwell Scientific Publications, Norfolk, pp. 284-732.

Cushman, R.M., Shugart, H.H., Hildebrandt, S.G. & Elwood, J.W. 1978. The effect of growth curve and sampling regime on instantaneous-growth, removal-summation, and Hynes/Hamilton estimates of aquatic insects production: a computer simulation. Limnology and Oceanography 23: 184-189.

Dolbeth, M., Pardal, M.A., Lillebo, A.I., Azeiteiro, U.M. & Marques, J.C. 2003. Short and long term effects of eutrophication on the secondary production of an intertidal macrobenthic community. Marine Biology 143: 1229-1238.

Dolbeth, M., Lillebo, A.I., Cardoso, P.G., Ferreira, S.M. & Pardal, M.A. 2005. Annual production of estuarine fauna in different environmental conditions: an evaluation of the estimation methods. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 326: 115-127.

Erlambang, T. 1996. Some biology and ecology aspects of dog conch (Strombus canarium) based on a year round study in Riau province, Indonesia. Journal Xiamen Fishery College 18(1): 33-41.

Gayanilo, F.C. Jr., Soriano, P. & Pauly, D. 1996. The FAO-ICLARM stock assessment tools (FiSAT) users guide. FAO Computerized Information Series (Fisheries) No. 8. FAO, Rome, 266 pp.

Hasselblad, V. 1966. Estimation of parameters for a mixture of normal distributions. Technometrics 8: 431-444.

Medernach, L.G.A. 1999. Comparaison de methods d’evaluation de la production secondaire d’une population de l’annelide polychete Ditrupa arietina (O.F. Muller). Oceanological Acta 22(3): 337-352.

Mees, J., Abdulkerim, Z. & Hamerlynck, O. 1994. Life history, growth and production of Neomysis integer in the Westerschelde estuary (SW Netherlands). Marine Ecology Progress Series 109: 43-57.

Mistri, M., Fano, E.A. & Rossi, R. 2001. Macrofaunal secondary production in a lagoon of the Po River Delta: an evaluation of estimation methods. Italian Journal of Zoology 68: 147-151.

Morin, A. 1997. Empirical models predicting population abundance and productivity in lotic systems. Journal North American Benthological Society 16(2): 319-337.

Morin, A. & Bourassa, N. 1992. Modeles empiriques de la production annuelle et du rapport P/B d’invertebres bentiques d’eau courante. Canadian Journal of Fish and Aquatic Science 49: 532-539.

Morin, A., Mousseau, T.A. & Roff, D.A. 1987. Accuracy and precision of secondary production estimates. Limnology and Oceanography 32: 1342-1352.

Poutiers, J.M. 1998. Gastropods. In The living marine resources of the western central pacific, edited by Carpenter K.E. & Niem V.H. FAO, Rome, pp. 363-646.

Purchon, R.D. & Purchon, D.E.A. 1981. The marine shelled Mollusca of West Malaysia and Singapore. Part I. General introduction and account of the collecting stations. Journal of Molluscan Studies 47: 290-312.

Quinn, II.T. & Deriso, R.B. 1999. Quantitative fish dynamics. New York: Oxford University Press.

Reed, S.E. 1995. Sexual trimorphism in Strombus luhuanus LinnŽ, 1758 (Mollusca: Gastropoda) at Shirahama, Japan. Journal of Shellfish Research 14(1): 159-160.

Ricker, W.E. 1975. Computation and interpretation of biological statistics of fish populations. Bulletin Fisheries Research Board of Canada 191: 382.

Robertson, AI. 1979. The relationship between annual productions: biomass ratios and life spans for marine macrobenthos. Oecologia 38: 193-202.

Schwinghamer, P., Hargrave, B., Peer, D. & Hawkins, C.M. 1986. Partitioning of production and respiration among size groups of organisms in an intertidal benthic community. Marine Ecology Progress Series 31: 131-142.

Sparre, P. & Venema, S.C. 1992. Introduction to Tropical Fish Stock Assessment, Part I – Manual. FAO Fisheries Technical Paper 306/1.

Sprung, M. 1993. Estimating macrobenthic secondary production from body weight and biomass: a field test in a non boreal intertidal habitat. Marine Ecology Progress Series 100: 103-109.

Sprung, M. 1994. Macrobenthic secondary production in the intertidal zone of Ria Formosa – a lagoon in Southern Portugal. Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science 38: 539-558.

Stoner, A.W. & Lally, J. 1994. High-density aggregation in queen conch Strombus gigas: formation, patterns, and ecological significance. Marine Ecology Progress Series 106: 73-84.

Stoner, A.W. & Ray, M. 1993. Aggregation dynamics in juvenile queen conch (Strombus gigas): population structure, mortality, growth, and migration. Marine Biology 116: 571-58

Tumbiolo, M.L. & Dawning, J. 1994. An empirical model for the prediction of secondary production in marine benthic invertebrate populations. Marine Ecology Progress Series 114: 165-174.

Wada, K., Fukao, R., Kawamura, T., Nishida, M. & Yanagisawa, Y. 1983. Distribution and growth of the gastropod Strombus luhuanus at Shirahama, Japan. Publication of Seto Marine Biological Laboratory 28(5-6): 417-432.

Waters, T.F. & Crawford, G.W. 1973. Annual production of a stream mayfly population: a comparison of methods. Limnology and Oceanography 18: 286-296.

Winberg, G.G. 1971. Methods for the estimating of production of aquatic animals. London: Academic Press Inc.

*Corresponding author; e-mail: zdcc@ukm.my