Sains Malaysiana 38(6)(2009): 959–964

Penyebab Masalah Penglihatan di Kalangan Kanak-kanak Prasekolah

di Daerah Sitiawan, Perak, Malaysia

(Causes of Visual Impairment Among Pre-School Children in Sitiawan District, Perak, Malaysia)

Duratul Ain Hussin & Rokiah Omar*

Jabatan Optometri, Fakulti Sains Kesihatan Bersekutu, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia

Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, 50300 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

Victor Feizal Knight

Institut Sukan Negara Malaysia

Bukit Jalil Seri Petaling, 57000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

Received: 29 August 2008 / Accepted: 23 January 2009

ABSTRAK

Masalah penglihatan boleh memberi impak yang serius terhadap perkembangan sosial dan mental kanak-kanak. Oleh itu, pengesanan masalah ini di peringkat awal adalah amat penting bagi memastikan prognosis yang lebih baik. Kajian ini bertujuan untuk mengenalpasti penyebab masalah penglihatan di kalangan kanak-kanak Prasekolah. Seramai 479 orang kanak-kanak tadika yang berumur 4-6 ± 0.69 tahun (min=5.3 tahun) di Sitiawan, Perak, Malaysia telah dipilih secara rawak. Mereka menjalani ujian akuiti visual, ujian katup, ujian Hirschberg, pemeriksaan eksternal okular dan oftalmoskopi. Kanak-kanak yang gagal saringan penglihatan telah dirujuk untuk pemeriksaan lanjutan. 52% kanak-kanak terdiri daripada lelaki dan selebihnya adalah kanak-kanak perempuan. Melayu merupakan kumpulan bangsa terbesar (59.9%), diikuti Cina (30.1%), India (9.6%) dan lain-lain (0.4%). Daripada 43 orang yang gagal saringan penglihatan, 32 (6.7% dari kumpulan subjek asal) orang disahkan mempunyai masalah penglihatan. Penyebab utama masalah penglihatan di kalangan kanak-kanak Prasekolah dalam kajian ini ialah ralat refraksi (4.8% dari keseluruhan subjek kajian) diikuti dengan ambliopia (1.0%), strabismus (1.0%) dan keabnormalan okular (0.8%). Maka, saringan penglihatan di kalangan kanak-kanak Prasekolah adalah amat penting untuk dilaksanakan kerana ia dapat mengesan masalah penglihatan di peringkat awal.

Kata kunci: Ambliopia; ralat refraksi; saringan penglihatan prasekolah

ABSTRACT

Visual impairment can seriouly impact on a child’s social and mental development. Therefore, early detection is important to ensure a better prognosis for them. The purpose of this study was to identify the cause of visual impairment among pre-school children. 479 kindergarten children aged 4-6 ± 0.69 years old (mean=5.3 years) in Sitiawan, Perak, Malaysia were randomly selected. They underwent visual acuity test, cover test, Hirschberg test, ocular external assessment and ophthalmoscopy. Children who failed the vision screening were referred for further assessment. 52% of the children were boys and the rest were girls. Malays represented the largest group (59.9%), followed by Chinese (30.1%), Indian (9.6%) and others (0.4%). Of those 43 children who failed the vision screening, 32 were confirmed having visual problem (6.7% of the total subjects). The main cause of visual impairment in this study population was refractive error (4.8% of the total subjects) followed by amblyopia (1.0%), strabismus (1.0%) and ocular abnormalities (0.8%). Hence, pre-school vision screening is very important and needs to be conducted as it can detect various visual problems at an early stage in pre-school children.

Keywords: Amblyopia; pre-school vision screening; refractive error

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*Corresponding author; email: r_omar@medic.ukm.my