Sains Malaysiana 39(3)(2010): 377–385

Variasi dan Sumber Sterol di Kuala Selangor, Selangor

(Variation and Sources of Sterols in Kuala Selangor, Selangor)

Masni Mohd Ali* , Norfariza Humrawali & Mohd Talib Latif

Pengajian Sains Sekitaran dan Sumber Alam

Fakulti Sains dan Teknologi, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia

43600 Bangi, Selangor D. E, Malaysia

Received: 11 June 2009 / Accepted: 27 August 2009

ABSTRAK

Kajian ini adalah mengenai peranan sterol sebagai penunjuk bio-lipid untuk mengenal pasti variasi dan sumber bahan organik yang hadir bersama sedimen permukaan dari Kuala Selangor, Selangor. Kajian melibatkan kaedah pengekstrakan sterol daripada sampel sedimen dan seterusnya dianalisis menggunakan GC-MS untuk menentukan kehadiran sebatian tersebut. Sepuluh sebatian sterol dikenal pasti hadir dengan fitosterol merupakan sebatian dominan di kawasan kajian iaitu 79% daripada jumlah keseluruhan sterol. Ini diikuti oleh kolesterol serta sterol kumbahan masing-masing menyumbangkan 6% daripada jumlah keseluruhan sterol manakala selebihnya berada dalam julat 1-5%. Indeks Sumber Sterol (SSI) juga menunjukkan kandungan fitosterol yang tinggi walaupun hadir pada kadar yang berbeza di setiap stesen pensampelan. Penilaian pencemaran kumbahan menggunakan nisbah koprostanol/kolesterol, koprostanol/(koprostanol+kholestanol) serta epikoprostanol/koprostanol menunjukkan kawasan kajian tidak mengalami pencemaran kumbahan walaupun sterol daripada sumber kumbahan hadir di persekitarannya. Kesimpulannya sedimen permukaan di Kuala Selangor, Selangor mengandungi campuran sterol daripada pelbagai sumber yang hadir di persekitarannya dengan didominasi oleh fitosterol yang berasal daripada tumbuhan terestrial.

Kata kunci: Bahan organik; fitosterol; kolesterol; penunjuk bio-lipid; sterol; sterol kumbahan

ABSTRACT

This study explores the role of sterols as lipid biomarkers to assess organic matter variations and their sources in surface sediments of Kuala Selangor, Selangor which involved extraction procedures and sterol compounds analyzed using GC-MS. Ten sterol compounds were found in the samples with phytosterol being the principal compounds which accounted 79% of total sterols. This was followed by cholesterol and fecal sterols, each constitutes 6% of total sterols while the rest are in the ranged of 1-5%. Sterol Source Index (SSI) also reflected phytosterols predominant at all sampling stations but in different degree based on phytosterol compounds. Another issue was sewage contamination assessment using coprostanol/cholesterol, coprostanol/(coprostanol+cholestanol) and epicoprostanol/coprostanol ratio. No sewage contamination occured in the study area even though fecal sterols have been quantified. This analytical study indicates that the sediments in the study area consisted of a mixture of sterols from various sources even though dominated by phytosterols originated from terrestrial plants. Keywords: Cholesterol; fecal sterols; lipid biomarkers; organic matter; phytosterols

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* Corresponding author; email: masni@ukm.my