Sains Malaysiana 39(3)(2010): 413–415

Evaluation of the Antioxidant Activity of Amaranthus spinosus Linn., by Non Enzymatic Haemoglycosylation

(Penilaian Aktiviti Antioksidan Amaranthus spinosus Linn., dengan Haemoglikosilasi Tanpa Enzim)

B.S. Ashok Kumar¹*, K. Lakshman², K.N. Jayaveera³, Saleemulla Khan⁴,

B. Manoj¹ & V.B. Narayan Swamy¹

¹Department of Pharmacognosy, Sri K.V.College of Pharmacy

Chickballapur-562101, Karnataka, India

²Department of Pharmacognosy

PES College of Pharmacy, Bangalore, Karnataka India

³Department of Chemistry, Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University of College of Engineering Anantapur, Andhra Pradesh, India

⁴Department of Pharmacognosy, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences

Manipal, Karnataka, India

Received: 24 July 2009 / Accepted: 16 September 2009

ABSTRACT

Amaranthus spinosus Linn. complete plant material was extracted successively by petroleum ether, chloroform, methanol, and water. All the extracts were subjected to in vitro non-enzymatic haemo-glycosylation method, i.e. an oxidation reaction. The degree of haemoglycosylation in the presence of different extracts of Amaranthus spinosus were measured colorimetrically at 520 nm. The preventive effect of haemoglobin glycosylation at the two concentration; 0.5 and 1 mg/mL was estimated as follows: pet. ether; 13.1%, 16.4%, chloroform; 5.7%, 12%, methanol: 36.91%, 56.07% and aqueous: 22.2%, 31.01 %, respectively. The α-tocopheral (Vitamin E) was used as standard.

Keywords: Amaranthus spinosus; chloroform; haemoglobin; haemoglycosylation; vitamin E

ABSTRAK

Bahan tumbuhan Amaranthus spinosus Linn. diekstrakkan secara berturut-turut dengan eter petroleum, kloroform, metanol dan air. Kesemua ekstrak telah ditindakkan secara in vitro dengan kaedah glikosilasi tanpa enzyme ke atas haemoglobin, satu tindak balas pengoksidaan. Darjah haemoglikosilasi dengan kehadiran ekstrak Amaranthus spinosus yang berlainan telah diukur secara kolorimetrik pada 520 nm. Kesan pencegahan ke atas glikosilasi haemoglobin pada dua kepekatan, 0.5 dan 1 mg/mL, telah dianggarkan seperti berikut: eter pet. 13.1% dan 16.4%; kloroform 5.7% dan 12%; metanol 36.91% dan 56.07%; dan akuas 22.2% dan 31.01% masing-masing. α-tokoferal (vitamin E) telah digunakan sebagai paiwai.

Kata kunci: Amaranthus spinosus; haemoglikosilasi; kloroform; haemoglobin; vitamin E 

REFERENCES

American Diabetes Association. 2007. Standards of medical care in diabetes-2007. Diabetes care 30 (suppl.1); pp. S4-S41. Anon. 1988. The Wealth of India. Publications and information directorate. New Delhi: CSIR.

Ashok Kumar, B.S., Sheshadri Shekar, D., Narayan Swamy, V.B., Satish, K.V. & Suresh, N. 2008. Estimation of Rutin and Quercetin in Amaranthus spinosus by HPTLC. Asian Journal of Chemistry 20(2): 1633-1635.

Asgary, S., Naderi, G.H., Sarrafizadegan, N., Ghassemi, N., Boshtam, Rafie M. 1999. Antioxidant effect of flavonoids on hemoglobin glycosylation. Pharmaceutica Acts Helvetiae 73: 223-226.

Assiak, I.E., Olufemi, B.E., Ayonde, G.O. & Onigemo, M.A. 2002. Preliminary studies on the effects of Amaranthus spinosus leaf extract as an Anthelmintic in growing pigs, Tropical Veterinarian 20(2): 126-129.

D’ymock, W. 1976. Pharmogrophia Indica Part III, India: Dehradan Grubben, G.J.H. & Denton, O.A. 2004. Plant Resources of Tropical Africa 2. Vegetables.

Kirtikar, K.R. & Basu, B.D. 1987. Indian Medicinal Plants, Vol. 1. International book distributors, Dehra Dun, India, Vol.III: 2057-59.

Kokate, C.K. 1986. Preliminary Phytochemical Analysis, In: Practical Pharmacognosy,Vallabh Prakashan (ed.). New Delhi, pp. 111.

Murgan, K., Vanithakumari, G. & Sampathraj, R. 1993a. Biochemical Changes in epidymis following treatment with combined extracts of Amaranthus spinosus roots and Dolichos biflorus seeds. Ancient Science of Life XIII: 154- 159.

Murgan, K., Vanithakumari, G. & Sampathraj, R. 1993b. Effects of combined extracts of Dolichos biflorus seeds and Amaranthus spinosus roots on the accessory sex organs of male rats. Ancient Science of Life XIII: 351-357.

Olufemi, B.E., Assiak, I.E., Ayoade, G.O. & Onigemo, M.A. 2003. Studies on the effect of Amaranthus spinosus. leaf extract on the Hematology of growing pigs. African Journal of Biomedical Research 6: 149-150.

Olumayokun, A., Olajid, Babatunde, R., Ogunleya, Temitope, O. & Erinle. 2004. Anti-inflammatory properties of Amaranthus spinosus. Pharmaceutical Biology: 521-525.

Sivarajan, V.V. & Balachandran, I. 1994. Ayurvedic Drugs and Their Plant Sources: 472-473.

Tatiya, A.U., Surana, S.J., Khope, S.D., Gokhale, S.B. & Sutar, M.P. 2007. Phytochemical investigation and immunomodulatory activity of Amaranthus spinosus linn. Indian J. Pharm, Educ. Res. 44(4): 337-341.

Yadav, S.B., Tripathy, V., Singh, R.K. & Pandey, H.P. 2000. Antioxidant activity of Cuscuta reflexa stems. Indian J. Pharm. Sci. 6: 477.

*Corresponding author; email: ashok4vani@gmail.com