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Sains Malaysiana 39(5)(2010): 775-784
Sifat Terma dan Kerintangan
Api Poliuretana Berasaskan Minyak
Isirung Sawit dan Minyak
Kacang Soya
(Thermal
and Fire Resistant Properties of Palm Kernel Oil and Soybean Oil-Based
Polyurethanes)
Wong Chee Sien & Khairiah Haji Badri*
School of Chemical Sciences
and Food Technology
Faculty of Science and Technology,
Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia
43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
Receives: 14 April 2009 / Accepted:
18 August 2009
ABSTRAK
Sifat terma
dan pembakaran busa poliuretana minyak isirung sawit dan minyak soya
dibandingkan. Monoester berkumpulan hujung hidroksil dihasilkan melalui tindak
balas minyak isirung sawit (PKO)
dan minyak kacang soya (SBO) dengan
sebatian polihidrik yang mengandungi dietanolamina/etilena glikol dan mangkin
kalium asetat. Tindak balas esterifikasi dan kondensasi ini dijalankan dengan
nisbah minyak sayuran kepada sebatian polihidrik adalah 80:20. Monoester ini
kemudiannya ditindakbalaskan dengan 2,4-difenilmetana diisosianat untuk
menghasilkan poliuretana melalui tindak balas pempolimeran penambahan. Sifat
termanya dibandingkan melalui analisis kalorimetri imbasan kebezaan (DSC), analisis termogravimetri (TGA), bom kalorimetri, ujian kestabilan dimensi dan ujian
kerintangan api. Busa poliuretana SBO mempunyai nilai entalpi yang rendah daripada busa poliuretana PKO iaitu 7151 kal g-1 berbanding 7223 kal g-1 manakala analisis TGA menunjukkan peratus kehilangan jisim busa poliuretana SBO yang rendah (91.0%) berbanding busa poliuretana PKO (92.3%) dengan suhu kestabilan Tstabil adalah masing-masing 196 dan 198oC. Kadar kebakaran
busa poliuretana SBO ialah
0.6-1.2 mm s-1, rendah
daripada kadar kebakaran busa poliuretana PKO iaitu 1.1-1.6 mm s-1. Menerusi ujian kestabilan dimensi, didapati nilai pengecutan
dan pengembangan busa poliuretana SBO adalah kurang daripada busa poliuretana PKO.
Kata kunci:
Entalpi; minyak isirung sawit; minyak kacang soya; poliuretana
ABSTRACT
Thermal and
burning properties of palm kernel oil and soybean oil-based polyurethanes were
compared. Monoester with hydroxyl end group was prepared by reacting the palm
kernel oil (PKO) and the soybean oil (SBO) with polyhydric compound consisting of diethanolamine/ethylene
glycol and potassium acetate as the catalyst. The esterification and
condensation reactions were conducted with the ratio of the vegetable oils to
the polyhydric compound of 80:20. The monoester was then reacted with 2,
4-diphenylmethane diisocyanate to produce the polyurethane via addition
polymerization. The thermal properties were compared through differential
scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis,
thermogravimetry (TGA) analysis,
bomb calorimetry, dimensional stability test and fire retarding test. SBO-based polyurethane foam had lower entalphy then the PKO-based polyurethane foam with values of 7151 cal g-1 comapred to 7223 cal g-1. Similarly, the TGA analysis indicated that the percentage of weight loss of the
former was also lower (91.0%) then the latter (92.3%) with stable temperatures,
Tstable at 196 and 198 oC,
respectively. The burning rate of the SBO-based polyurethane foam was 0.6-1.2 mm¥s-1, lower then the PKO-based polyurethane foam which was 1.1-1.6 mm s-1. However, the dimensional stability test showed that the
shrinkage and expansion values were lesser for the SBO-based polyurethane foam compared to the PKO-based polyurethane.
Keywords: Entalphy;
palm kernel oil; polyurethane; soybean oil
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*Corresponding author; e-mail:
kaybadri@ukm.my
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