Sains Malaysiana 39(6)(2010): 901–908

Chemical Profile of Compounds from Lichens of Bukit Larut, Peninsular Malaysia

(Profil Kimia Sebatian daripada Liken Bukit Larut, Semenanjung Malaysia)

Laily B. Din*, Zuriati Zakaria & Mohd Wahid Samsudin

Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia

43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia

John A. Elix

Department & Chemistry, Faculty of Science

Australian National University, ACT 0200, Canberra, Australia

Accepted: 23 December 2009 / Received: 5 May 2010

ABSTRACT

The lichen collection from Bukit Larut, Taiping, Malaysia in 1999 included Bulbothrix isidiza, Chrysothrix xanthina, Cladonia adspersa, C. verticillata, Coccocarpia palmicola, Heterodermia flabellata, H. japonica, H. obscurata, Hypotrachyna imbricatula, Leptogium azureum, Parmelinella wallichiana, Parmotrema tinctorum, P. clavuliferum, P. reticulatum, Pertusaria sp., Physma byrsaeum, Usnea baileyi and Usnea rubrotincta. Secondary metabolites could not be detected in three lichens, Coccocarpia palmicola, Leptogium azureum and Physma byrsaeum by HPLC and TLC analysis. The other 15 lichen species showed the presence of ten classes of compounds, depsides (10 compounds), depsidones (16), quinones (5), xanthones (2), naphthopyrones (1), pulvinic acid derivatives (1), diphenylethers (1), dibenzofurans (1), aliphatic acids (4) and terpenoids (3).

Keywords: Bukit Larut; lichen

ABSTRAK

Koleksi liken dari Bukit Larut, Taiping Malaysia pada 1999 merangkumi Bulbothrix isidiza, Chrysothrix xanthina, Cladonia adspersa, C. verticillata, Coccocarpia palmicola, Heterodermia flabellata, H. japonica, H. obscurata, Hypotrachyna imbricatula, Leptogium azureum, Parmelinella wallichiana, Parmotrema tinctorum, P. clavuliferum, P. reticulatum, Pertusaria sp., Physma byrsaeum, Usnea baileyi dan Usnea rubrotincta. Daripada analisis HPLC dan TLC, metabolit sekunder tidak dapat dikesan dalam tiga liken iaitu Coccocarpia palmicola, Leptogium azureum dan Physma byrsaeum. Lima belas spesies liken yang lain menunjukkan kehadiran 10 kelas sebatian iaitu depsida (10 sebatian), depsidon (16), kuinon, (5), xanthon (2), naftopiron (1), terbitan asid pulvinik (1), difenileter (1), dibenzofuran (1), asid alifatik (4) dan terpenoid (3).

Kata kunci: Bukit Larut; liken

REFERENCES

Culberson, C.F. 1972. Improved conditions and new data for the identification of lichen products by a standardized thin layer chromatographic method. Journal of Chromatography 72: 113-125.

Culberson C.F. & Johnson, A. 1982. Substitution of methyl, tert-butyl ether for diethyl ethyl ether in the standardized thin-layer chromatographic method for lichen products. Journal of Chromatography 238: 483-487.

Din, L.B., Ismail G. & Elix, J.A. 1998. The Lichens in Bario Highlands: Their Natural Occurrence and Secondary Metabolites. In Ghazally Ismail & Laily Bin Din ((Eds.), A Scientific JourneyThrough Borneo: Bario the Kelabit Highlands of Sarawak. Petaling Jaya: Pelanduk Publication.

Din, L.B., Latiff A., Zakaria, Z. & Elix, J.A. 2002. Chemical constituents of the Lichen, Heteroderemia flabellata and H. leucomelos (Physciaceae) in Peninsular Malaysia. Malayan Nature Journal 56(1): 1-3.

Din, L.B., Zakaria, Z. & Elix, J.A. 2004. Additional lichen records from Indonesia and Malaysia 5. Lichens from Bukit Larut, Peninsular Malaysia. Australasian Lichenology 55: 10-12.

Din, L.B., Zakaria, Z., Samsudin, M.W., Latiff, A. & A. Manap. 1991. Nota Penyelidikan Kajian Liken Malaysia VII. Parietin daripada Leproplaca lutea Laundon. Sains Malaysiana 20(2): 79-82.

Elix, J.A. 1994. Hypotrachyna. Fl. Australia 55: 49-59.

Elix, J.A. & Ernst-Russell, K.D. 1993. A catalogue of standardized thin layer chromatographic data and biosynthetic relationships for lichen substances. 2nd Ed. Canberra: Australian National University.

Feige, G.B., Lumbusch, H.T., Huneck, S. & Elix, J.A. 1993. The identification of lichen substances by a standardized high performance liquid chromatographic method. Journal of Chromatography 646: 417-427.

Latiff, A. Din, L.B., Samsudin, M.W. & Zakaria, Z. 1988. Studies in Malaysian Lichens I. Introductory account of genera, morphology and secondary metabolites of Cladonia micalenta Hoofm. (Cladoniaceae). Malays. Appl. Biol. 17(1): 1-8.

Samsudin, M.W., Din, L.B., Yap, S.P., Zakaria, Z. & Latiff, A. 1987. Kajian Liken Malaysia II: Asid kondidimik daripada liken Cladonia vulcanica Zoll. Et.More. Sains Malaysiana 16(2): 151-154.

Sipman, J.J.M. 1993. Lichens from Mount Kinabalu. Tropical Bryology 8: 281-314.

*Corresponding author; email: lbdin@ukm.my