Sains Malaysiana 40(11)(2011): 1209–1221

Community Structure and Biomass of Tree Species at Chini

Watershed Forest, Pekan, Pahang

(Struktur Komuniti dan Biojisim Spesies Pokok di Hutan Lembangan

Chini, Pekan, Pahang)

M. Khairil

Faculty of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin (UniSZA) Kota Campus

Jalan Sultan Mahmud, 20400 Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu, Malaysia

W. A. Wan Juliana, M. S. Nizam & R. Faszly

School of Environment and Natural Resource Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology

Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600, UKM Bangi, Selangor D.E., Malaysia

Received: 6 September 2010 / Accepted: 27 January 2011

ABSTRACT

A study was conducted to determine the tree species composition, diversity and estimate of above ground biomass at Chini watershed forest. Three types of forest were identified. Thirty plots of 0.1 ha were established in the inland, seasonal flood and riverine forests. A total of 3974 trees with diameter at breast height (dbh) at 5.0 cm and above were recorded. The inland forest recorded 2061 individuals representing 393 species from 164 genera and 57 families; the seasonal flood forest, 1019 individuals representing 268 species from 137 genera and 57 families; and the riverine forest, 894 individuals representing 260 species from 133 genera and 53 families. Endospermum diadenum (Euphorbiaceae), Streblus elongatus (Moraceae) and Aporusa arborea (Euphorbiaceae) was the most important species in the inland forest, seasonal flood forest and the riverine forest, with Importance Value Index (SIVi) of 3.36%, 4.43% and 2.96%, respectively. Euphorbiaceae was the most important family in the inland and riverine forest with FIVi of 14.25% and 12.91% and Myrtaceae in the seasonal flood forest at 12.36%. The Shannon-Weiner diversity index (H’) were considered high in all three forest types at 5.40 (H’max = 5.97) in the inland forest, 5.10 (H’max = 5.54) at the seasonal flood forest and 5.08 (H’max = 5.56) for the riverine forest. Shannon evenness index (J’) in the three types of forest was 0.9. The Sorenson’s community similarity coefficient (CCs) showed that tree species communities between the three forest types had low similarities with CCs= 0.4. The total above ground biomass estimated in the inland forest was 366.2 tan/ha, in the seasonal flood forest was 379.8 tan/ha and in the riverine forest was 401.1 tan/ha. A total of 44 endemic species in Peninsular Malaysia were found and 104 species were listed in the checklist of Conservation Status of Malaysian Trees that utilized the 2009 IUCN Red List Categories by World Conservation Monitoring Centre (WCMC).

Keywords: Chini watershed; tree species composition; species diversity; community similarity; tree species biomass

ABSTRAK

Satu kajian telah dijalankan untuk menentukan komposisi, kepelbagaian dan anggaran biojisim atas tanah spesies pokok di hutan lembangan Chini, Pekan, Pahang. Terdapat tiga jenis hutan telah dikenal pasti di lembangan Chini iaitu hutan pedalaman, banjir bermusim dan riparia. Sebanyak 30 plot yang bersaiz 0.1 ha telah dibina dengan jumlah luas kawasan pensampelan di hutan pedalaman adalah 1.4 ha, hutan banjir bermusim 0.9 ha dan hutan riparian 0.7 ha. Sejumlah 3974 pokok bersaiz 5 cm dbh dan ke atas telah dicatatkan. Hutan pedalaman merekodkan 2061 individu, 393 spesies daripada 164 genus dan 57 famili; hutan banjir bermusim, 1019 individu, 268 spesies daripada 137 genus dan 57 famili; dan hutan riparia, 894 individu, 260 spesies daripada 137 genus dan 53 famili. Endospermum diadenum (Euphorbiaceae), Streblus elongatus (Moraceae) and Aporusa arborea (Euphorbiaceae) merupakan spesies yang mempunyai Nilai Kepentingan (SIVi) spesies tertinggi di hutan pedalaman, hutan banjir bermusim dan hutan riparia dengan masing-masing 3.36%, 4.43% dan 2.96%. Euphorbiaceae merupakan famili terpenting di hutan pedalaman dan hutan riparia dengan Nilai Kepentingan (FIVi) famili masing-masing 14.25% dan 12.91% dan Myrtaceae di hutan banjir bermusim dengan 12.36%. Nilai indeks kepelbagaian Shannon-Weiner (H’) yang dicatatkan didapati tinggi di ketiga-tiga jenis hutan dengan hutan pedalaman 5.40 (H’max= 5.97), hutan banjir bermusim 5.10 (H’max= 5.54) dan hutan riparia 5.07 (H’max= 5.56). Nilai keseragaman Shannon (J’) ketiga-tiga jenis hutan ialah 0.9. Koefisien kesamaan komuniti Sorenson (CCs) menunjukkan komuniti di ketiga-tiga jenis hutan mempunyai nilai kesamaan yang rendah iaitu CCs= 0.4. Jumlah biojisim atas tanah di hutan pedalaman ialah 366.2 tan/ha, di hutan banjir bermusim 379.8 tan/ha dan di hutan riparia 401.1 tan/ha. Sejumlah 44 spesies endemik di Semenanjung Malaysia telah dikenalpasti hadir dalam kajian ini dan sebanyak 104 spesies pokok telah disenaraikan dalam senarai pemuliharaan IUCN Red list Categories 2009 oleh World Conservation Monitoring Centre (WCMC).

Kata kunci: biomas spesies pokok; kepelbagaian spesies; kesamaan komuniti; komposisi spesies pokok; Lembangan Chini;

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*Corresponding author; email: khairilmahmud@unisza.edu.my