Sains Malaysiana 40(2)(2011): 101–110

Status Fiziko-kimia Tanih Tapak Pusat Penyelidikan UKM Tasik Chini,

Pahang, Malaysia

(Physico-chemical Status of Soil at the Site of UKM Research Centre, Tasik Chini, Pahang, Malaysia)

Sahibin Abd. Rahim*, Wan Mohd. Razi Idris, Zulfahmi Ali Rahman, Tukimat Lihan, Muhd Barzani Gasim, Mohd Nizam M. Said & Kang Ling Xing

Pusat Pengajian Sains Sekitaran dan Sumber Alam

Fakulti Sains dan Teknologi, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia

43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia

Received: 13 August 2009 / Accepted: 9 July 2010

ABSTRAK

Kajian ini dilakukan untuk menentukan ciri fiziko-kimia, kandungan nutrien dan logam berat dalam tanih di tapak Pusat Penyelidikan UKM Tasik Chini. Sampel tanih-atas diambil dari tiga transek pensampelan iaitu T1, T2 dan T3. Dua profil tanih telah dicerap di transek 1 (T1S1 & T1S3) dan sampel tanih telah diambil daripada profil dan juga tanih atas untuk penentuan ciri fiziko-kimia, kandungan nutrien dan logam berat. Bagi sampel tanih-atas, sebanyak empat stesen pensampelan (S1, S2, S3, S4) telah dipilih di transek 1 (T1), dua stesen pensampelan (S1, S2) di transek 2 (T2) dan tiga stesen pensampelan (S1, S2, S3) di transek 3 (T3) telah dipilih. Ciri fiziko-kimia yang ditentukan adalah pH, kekonduksian elektrik (KE), kapasiti pertukatan kation (KPK), fosforus, kalium dan magnesium tersedia dan nutrien terlarut, dan logam berat terpilih. Semua penentuan fiziko-kimia tanih, nutrien tersedia dan terlarut serta logam berat dilakukan mengikut kaedah penentuan yang piawai. Hasil uji kaji menunjukkan tekstur tanih didominasi oleh zarahan bersaiz lempung. Kandungan bahan organik tinggi pada tanih-atas dan berkurangan mengikut kedalaman. Purata nilai pH tanih di dalam profil dan tanih-atas adalah di antara 3.66 hingga 4.73 dan ia adalah sangat berasid. Sela purata bagi kekonduksian elektrik dalam profil dan tanih-atas adalah antara 2412 μScm-1 dan 2742 μScm-1. Purata nilai KPK adalah rendah iaitu antara 4.86 dan 12.58 meq/100g tanih. Kepekatan fosforus, magnesium dan kalium tersedia masing-masing mempunyai sela antara 1.76 – 3.32 μg/g, 16.80 – 122.23 μg/g dan 20.09 – 30.50 μg/g. Kepekatan nutrien terlarut bagi sulfat, nitrat-nitrogen, ammonium-nitrogen dan fosforus masing-masing adalah 37.50 – 1350 μg/g, 12.17 dan 90.00 μg/g, 12.17 to 53.17 μg/g dan 0.05 dan 0.62 μg/g. Kepekatan ferum dan Pb sangat tinggi di T1S1 dan di horizon bawah profil T1S3. Secara amnya tanih di tapak PPTC adalah sangat berasid dan mempunyai kandungan nutrien yang rendah. Terdapat bukti menunjukkan berlaku pengayaan Pb dalam tanih yang menerima pengaruh pasang surut jasad air tasik.

Kata kunci: Hutan terganggu; logam berat; nutrien tersedia; pengayaan Pb; Tasik Chini

ABSTRACT

This study was carried out to determine the physico-chemical properties, nutrient and heavy metal contents in soil within the UKM Tasik Chini Research Centre. Top-soil samples were collected from three sampling transects namely T1, T2 and T3. Two soil profiles from transect 1 (T1S1 & T1S3) were observed and soil samples were collected from the profiles as well as top-soil for physico-chemical, nutrient and heavy metal determination. For topsoil samples, four top-soil sampling stations (S1, S2, S3, S4) were chosen along T1, two sampling stations (S1 & S2) along T2 and three sampling stations (S1, S2, S3) along T3. The soil physical properties determined were particle size and organic matter, whereas chemical properties determined were pH, electrical conductivity (EC), cation exchange capacity (CEC), available phosphorus, potassium and magnesium, soluble nutrient, and selected heavy metals. All physico-chemical, nutrient and heavy metal determinations follow the normal standard procedures. Results showed that the textures of the soil were dominated by clay size particle. Organic matter content was high in the top-soil and decreased with depth. The average soil pH in the studied profile and in the top-soil was very acidic with values from 3.66 to 4.73. The average range of electrical conductivity in soil profile and top-soil was between 2412 μScm-1 and 2742 μScm-1. The average CEC was low with a range between 4.86 and 12.58 meq/100g. The concentration of available phosphorus, magnesium and potassium was between 1.76 and 3.32 μg/g, 16.80 and 122.23 μg/g, and 20.09 and 30.50 μg/g, respectively. The concentration of soluble sulphate, nitrate-nitrogen, ammonium-nitrogen and phosphorus was between 37.50 and 1350 μg/g, 12.17 and 90.00 μg/g, 12.17 to 53.17 μg/g and 0.05 to 0.62 μg/g, respectively. The concentration of ferum and lead was very high in T1S1 and in the lower horizon of profile T1S3. In general the soil of the PPTC site was very acidic and with low nutrient content. There was evidence that Pb enrichment occurred in the soil was influenced by tides of water body.

Keywords: Available nutrient; disturbed forest; heavy metals; Pb enrichment; Tasik Chini

REFERENCES

Acres, B.D., Bowen, R.P., Burrough, P.A., Folland, C. J., Kalasi, M.S., Thomas, P. & Wright, P.J. 1975. The Soils of Sabah: Classification and Description (with an Introduction to vol. 1-5). Jil. 1. England: Land Resources Division, Ministry of Overseas Development Tolworth Tower.

Aeslina Abdul Kadir, Jauhatatuddini Ariffin, Suzana Ismail, Tukimat Lihan & Sahibin Abdul Rahim. 2006. Ciri fiziko-kimia tanih di Bahagian Barat Pulau Indah, Klang, Selangor. Sains Malaysiana 35(1): 23-30.

Avery, B.W. & Bascomb, C.L. 1982. Soil Survey Laboratory Methods. Soil Survey Technical Monograph No. 6. Harpenden.

Courtney, F.M. & Trudgill, S.T. 1984. An Introduction to Soil Study. 2nd edition. British Library Cataloging.

Cruickshank, J.G. & Ismail Ahmad. 1983. Geografi Tanih Tanih. Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka.

ERINCO. 1992. Kuala Sg. Chini Gateway – Development Plan. Vol. 1. Petaling Jaya.

Jabatan Pertanian Malaysia. 1991. A Semi-detailed Soil Map of Tasik Chini. Kuala Lumpur: Department of Agriculture.

Kabata-Pendias, A. & Pendias, H. 2001. Trace Elements in Soil and Plants. (3rd ed.). Boca Raton, Florida: CRC Press.

Landon, J.R. (pnyt.) 1991. Bookers Tropical Soil Manual. Hong Kong: Longman Scientific and Technical.

Massey, D.M. & Windsor, G.W. 1967. Rep. Glasshouse Crops Res. Inst.110

McLean, E.O. 1965. In Methods of Soil Analysis Pt 2, (ed.) C.A. Black pp. 978-997.

Mohd Shuhaimi-Othman, Lim, E.C., Mushrifah Idris & Ahmad Abas Kutty. 2009. Kepekatan Logam Berat dalam Air dan Sedimen Tasik dan Sungai, disunting oleh Mushrifah et al. Dlm. Sumber Asli Tasik Chini: Ekspedisi Saintifik. Pusat Penyelidikan Tasik Chini, Fakulti Sains dan Teknologi, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia. Bangi, Selangor. ms. 43-54.

Murphy, J. & Riley, J.P. 1962. A modified single solution method for the determination of phosphate in natural waters. Anal. Chem. Acta. 27: 31-36.

Mushrifah Idris, Mohd Shuhaimi-Othman, Sahibin Abd. Rahim, Khatijah Hj. Hussin & Nur Amelia Abas. 2009. Prakata. Sumber Asli Tasik Chini: Ekspedisi Saintifik. Pusat Penyelidikan Tasik Chini, Fakulti Sains dan Teknologi, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia. Bangi, Selangor.

Norwahidah, Z.A. & Wan Juliana, W.A. 2009. Comparative Study of Tree Species Composition, Diversity and Biomass of Riparian and Adjacent Inland Forests at Chini Forest Reserve, Pahang. Dalam Mushrifah et al. 2009 (pytng). Sumber Asli Tasik Chini: Ekspedisi Saintifik. Pusat Penyelidikan Tasik Chini, Fakulti Sains dan Teknologi, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia. Bangi, Selangor.

Polyakov, V.O. & Lal, R. 2004. Soil erosion and carbon dynamics under simulated rainfall. Journal of Soil Science 169 (8): 590-599.

Sahibin Abd. Rahim, Muhd Barzani Gasim, Mohd Nizam Mohd Said, Wan Mohd Razi Idris, Azman Hashim, Sharilnizam Yusof & Masniyana Jamil. 2008. Penentuan Kandungan Logam Berat di dalam Beberapa Siri Tanah Oksisol di Sekitar tasik Chini, Pahang. Malaysian Journal of Analytical Sciences 12(1): 95-104.

Sahibin Abd. Rahim, Muhd Barzani Gasim, Mohd Nizam Mohd Said & Nor Afni Idayu Abdul Aziz. 2009. Physico-chemical Properties of Selected Soil Profiles Around Tasik Chini, Pahang, Malaysia. Dlm Sumber Asli Tasik Chini: Ekspedisi Saintifik, disunting oleh Mushrifah et al. Pusat Penyelidikan Tasik Chini, Fakulti Sains dan Teknologi, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia. Bangi, Selangor.

Tan, K.H. 2005. Soil Sampling, Preparation and Analysis. 2nd edition. Georgia: University of Georgia Greensboro.

Tisdale S.L. & Nelson W. 1984. Baja dan Kesuburan Tanih (terjemahan). Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, Kementerian Pelajaran Malaysia Kuala Lumpur.

*Correspondidng author; email: haiyan@ukm.my