Sains Malaysiana 40(2)(2011): 119–124

Is the High Cu Tolerance of Trichoderma atroviride Isolated from the Cu-Polluted Sediment Due to Adaptation? An In Vitro Toxicological Study

(Adakah Ketahanan Trichoderma atroviride yang Diasingkan daripada Sedimen Tercemar Cu

disebabkan oleh Adaptasi? Satu Kajian Toksikologi In Vitro)

C.K. Yap*, M. Yazdani & F. Abdullah

Department of Biology, Faculty of Science

Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor D.E., Malaysia

S.G. Tan

Department of Cell and Molecular Biology

Faculty of Biotechnology and Bimolecular Sciences

Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor D.E., Malaysia

Received: 5 March 2009 / Accepted: 9 July 2010

ABSTRACT

The tolerance of Cu by Trichoderma atroviride, a tolerant fungus isolated from the drainage surface sediment of the Serdang Industrial Area was investigated under in vitro conditions. Only this fungus species can tolerate up to 600 mg/L of Cu on solid medium Potato Dextrose Agar based on the isolation of the most tolerant fungus from the polluted sediment. Toxicity test performed on T. atroviride, showed a maximum tolerance at 300 mg/L of Cu concentration when grown in liquid medium Potato Dextrose Broth (PDB). The EC50 value of the isolate was 287.73 mg/L of Cu concentration in PDB. The Cu concentration in the drainage surface sediment, where the T. atroviride was isolated from, was 347.64 μg/g while the geochemical distributions of the non-resistant and resistant fractions of Cu were 99.6 and 0.4%, respectively. The sediment data indicated that the drainage had greatly received anthropogenic Cu from the nearby industries which are involved in the manufacturing of plastics and electronic products. The present findings indicate that the high Cu tolerance showed by T. atroviride could be due to the well adaptation of the fungus to the Cu polluted sediment. Therefore, T. atroviride could be a potential bioremediator of Cu pollution in the freshwater ecosystem.

Keywords: EC50; geochemical distributions of Cu; toxicity test; Trichoderma atroviride

ABSTRAK

Ketahanan Trichoderma atroviride, sejenis kulat toleran yang telah diasingkan dari permukaan sedimen longkang kawasan perindustrian Serdang, telah dikaji di bawah keadaan in vitro. Hanya kulat spesies ini sahaja yang boleh bertahan hingga kepekatan Cu 600 mg/L pada medium pepejal ‘Potato Dextrose Agar’ berdasarkan kepada pengasingan kulat yang paling tahan dalam sedimen tercemar. Melalui ujian ketoksikan dengan menggunakan T. atroviride, didapati bahawa ketahanan maksimum spesies ini dalam cecair medium ‘Potato Dextrose Broth’(PDB) adalah pada kepekatan Cu 300 mg/L. Nilai pengasingan EC50 bagi kepekatan Cu dalam PDB ialah 287.73 mg/L. Kepekatan Cu dalam sedimen permukaan longkang, di mana T. atroviride telah diasingkan, ialah 347.64 μg/g manakala taburan bahagian-bahagian geokimia tak rintang dan rintang Cu masing-masing ialah 99.6 dan 0.4%. Data Cu dalam sedimen menunjukkan bahawa longkang tersebut telah menerima Cu antropogenik dari kawasan-kawasan perindustrian seperti plastik dan produk elektronik. Kajian ini menunjukkan bahawa ketahanan T. atroviride terhadap Cu yang tinggi mungkin disebabkan oleh adaptasi kulat tersebut terhadap sedimen yang tercemar dengan Cu. Oleh itu, T. atroviride adalah berpotensi sebagai ‘bioremediator’ bagi pencemaran Cu dalam ekosistem air tawar.

Kata kunci: Cu, EC50; taburan geokimia; Trichoderma atroviride; ujian ketoksikan

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*Corresponding author; email: yapckong@hotmail.com