Sains Malaysiana 40(2)(2011): 139–146

Analisis Proksimat dan Logam Berat dalam Tisu Kerang (Anadara granosa) di Beberapa Tapak Akuakultur di Semenanjung Malaysia

(Proximate Analysis and Heavy Metal Concentrations of Tissues of Cockles (Anadara granosa) from Several Cockle Farms in Peninsular Malaysia)

Koh Siew Min, Koh Pea Kee, Sim Khay Tien, Lee Yook Heng* & Salmijah Surif

Fakulti Sains dan Teknologi, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia

43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, D.E., Malaysia

Received: 8 September 2009 Accepted: 12 July 2010

ABSTRAK

Kerang popular sebagai sumber protein dan mempunyai kepentingan ekonomi yang tinggi di Malaysia. Tujuan kajian ini adalah untuk menentukan komposisi protein, lemak dan abu serta mengenal pasti kandungan logam berat dalam tisu kerang yang diambil dari tapak-tapak ternakan di Kuala Juru (Pulau Pinang), Kuala Sepetang (Perak) dan Kuala Selangor (Selangor) untuk meneliti aras keselamatan logam berat dan kandungan zat nutrien dalam isi kerang. Kandungan protein, lemak dan abu dalam tisu kerang masing-masing adalah pada julat 70.0-75.6, 8.9-10.6 dan 9.8-17.5% berat kering. Untuk jumlah tenaga ialah 371.0, 384.2 dan 377.9 kcal/100 g berat kering kerang masing-masing untuk sampel dari Kuala Juru, Kuala Sepetang dan Kuala Selangor. Aras logam perlu dalam tisu kerang ialah Cu = 2.4-16.3, Fe = 421.0-1350.0, Mn = 10.0-38.1 dan Zn = 72.2-201.7 μg/g berat kering manakala kepekatan logam toksik adalah Cd = 1.3-12.2, Cr = 4.3-9.8, Ni = 8.3-20.8 dan Pb = 4.1-20.8 μg/g berat kering. Sebagai kesimpulan, didapati bahawa pengambilan harian sebanyak 1.50 g Pb (berat kering) kerang dari Kuala Sepetang dan juga melebihi 5.78 g Cd (berat kering) untuk kerang dari Kuala Selangor boleh meningkatkan risiko kesihatan.

Kata kunci: Analisis proksimat; kerang; logam berat

ABSTRACT

Cockle is a popular high protein seafood which is commercially important in Malaysia. The aim of this study was to determine the proximate composition of protein, fat and ash and concentrations of heavy metals in the tissues of cockles obtained from cockle farms at Kuala Juru (Pulau Pinang), Kuala Sepetang (Perak) and Kuala Selangor (Selangor) for the purpose of examining the safe level of heavy metals and the amount of several nutrients from the cockle tissues. Concentrations of protein, fat and ash in the tissues of cockles were in the range of 70.0-75.6, 8.9-10.6 and 9.8-17.5 % dry weight respectively and energy contents were 371.0, 384.2 and 377.9 kcal/100 g dry weight for samples from Kuala Juru, Kuala Sepetang and Kuala Selangor respectively. The concentrations of essential metals in the total soft tissue samples were Cu = 2.4-16.3, Fe = 421.0-1350.0, Mn = 10.0-38.1 and Zn = 72.2-201.7 μg/g dry weight while the concentrations of toxic metals were Cd = 1.3-12.2, Cr = 4.3-9.8, Ni = 8.3-20.8 and Pb = 4.1-20.8 μg/g dry weight. This study showed that daily intakes of cockle of more than 1.50 g Pb (dry weigh) from Kuala Sepetang and 5.78 g Cd (dry weight) from Kuala Selangor might impose health risk to consumers.

Keywords: Cockle; heavy metals; proximate analysis

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*Corresponding author; email: yhl1000@ukm.my