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Sains Malaysiana 40(6)(2011): 587–594
Biodiesel Production via Transesterification of Palm Oil Using NaOH/Al2O3 Catalysts
(Pengeluaran Biodiesel Melalui Pengtransesteran Minyak Sawit dengan Menggunakan Mangkin NaOH/Al2O3)
Taufiq Yap Yun Hin*
& Nurul Fitriyah binti Abdullah
Centre
of Excellence for Catalysis Science and Technology and Department of Chemistry
Faculty
of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
Mahiran Basri
Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra
Malaysia
43400
UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
Received:
15 April 2010 / Accepted: 25 October 2010
ABSTRACT
Due to the increase in price of petroleum and environmental
concerns, the search for alternative fuels has gained importance. In this work,
biodiesel production by transesterification of palm
oil with methanol has been studied in a heterogeneous system using sodium
hydroxide loaded on alumina (NaOH/Al2O3). NaOH/Al2O3 catalyst
was prepared by impregnation of alumina with different amount of an aqueous
solution of sodium hydroxide followed by calcination in air for 3 h. The prepared catalysts were then characterized by using x-ray
diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FT-IR),
Brunner-Emmett-Teller surface area measurement (BET),
scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and temperature-programmed
desorption of CO2 (CO2-TPD).
Moreover, the dependence of the conversion of palm oil on the reactions
variables such as the molar ratio of methanol/oil, the amount of catalysts
used, reaction temperatures and reaction times were performed. The conversion
of 99% was achieved under the optimum reaction conditions. The biodiesel
obtained was characterized by FT-IR and
the pour point was measured.
Keywords: Biodiesel; heterogeneous catalyst; palm oil; transesterification
ABSTRAK
Disebabkan oleh kenaikan harga minyak mentah dan keperihatinan terhadap alam sekitar, penyelidikan terhadap bahan bakar alternatif telah menjadi lebih penting. Dalam kajian ini, pengeluaran biodiesel melalui pengtransesteran minyak sawit dengan metanol telah dikaji dalam sistem heterogen menggunakan natrium hidroksida yang dimuatkan atas alumina (NaOH/Al2O3). Mangkin NaOH/Al2O3 telah disediakan dengan proses impregnasi alumina dengan larutan sodium hidroksida dengan jumlah yang berbeza diikuti dengan pengkalsinan dalam udara selama 3 jam. Mangkin yang telah disediakan kemudiannya dicirikan dengan menggunakan pembelauan sinar-X (XRD), spektrometer Fourier Transform infra merah (FT-IR), pengukuran luas permukaan Brunner-Emmett-Teller (BET), imbasan mikroskop elektron (SEM) dan Penyahjerapan CO2 Suhu Berprogram (CO2-TPD). Selain itu, kebergantungan penukaran minyak sawit kepada hasil pada pembolehubah tindak balas seperti nisbah molar metanol/minyak, jumlah mangkin yang digunakan, suhu tindak balas dan masa tindak balas turut dikaji.
99% hasil diperoleh di bawah keadaan tindak balas optimum.
Biodiesel yang diperoleh dicirikan dengan FT-IR dan takat tuang diukur.
Kata kunci:
Biodiesel; mangkin heterogen; minyak sawit; pengtransesteran
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Taufiq Yap Yun Hin* & Nurul Fitriyah binti Abdullah
*Corresponding author; email:
yap@fsas.upm.edu.my
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