Sains Malaysiana 40(8)(2011): 809–819

A Study on the Potential of the Periostracum of Perna viridis as a Biomonitoring Material for Pb in Tropical Coastal Waters Based on

Correlation Analysis

(Kajian Potensi Periostracum Perna viridis Sebagai Bahan Biopenunjuk

Pb di Perairan Pantai Tropika Berasaskan Analisis Korelasi)

C.K. Yap*

Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia

43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia

S.G. Tan

Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences

Universiti Putra Malaysia , 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.

Received: 23 March 2010 / Accepted: 21 October 2010

ABSTRACT

The periostracum is the outermost layer overlying the inner prismatic and nacreous layers of the shells of bivalves. In the present study, the distributions of Cd and Pb in the soft tissues (ST) and periostracum of the green-lipped mussel Perna viridis sampled from 15 sampling sites in the coastal waters of Peninsular Malaysia were determined. The concentrations of Cd (0.21-10.87 mg/g dry weight) and Pb (1.16-40.20 mg/g dry weight) in the periostracum were generally higher than those in the ST (Cd: 0.10-5.55 mg/g dry weight; Pb: 2.53-18.62 mg/g dry weight). Based on correlation analysis from nine geographical populations, the higher correlation coefficients (R values) between the periostracum-geochemical fractions of the sediments than between the ST-geochemical fractions of the sediments indicated that the periostracum could be a potential biomonitoring material for Pb. Hence, the present results supported the use of the periostracum of P. viridis as a potential biomonitoring material for Pb but not for Cd. However, more studies are warranted to verify its usefulness for the biomonitoring of heavy metal pollution in tropical coastal waters.

Keywords: Biomonitoring material; Cd; Pb; periostracum; Perna viridis

ABSTRAK

Periostrakum adalah lapisan luar yang meliputi perismatik dalaman dan lapisan nakreus bagi cangkerang bivavia. Di dalam kajian ini, taburan Cd dan Pb di dalam tisu lembut dan periostrakum telah ditentukan pada kupang Perna viridis yang disampel dari 15 kawasan di pantai Semenanjung Malaysia. Kepekatan bagi Cd (0.21-10.87 mg/g berat kering) dan Pb (1.16-40.20 mg/g berat kering) di dalam periostrakum secara amnya adalah lebih tinggi daripada tisu lembut (Cd: 0.10-5.55 mg/g berat kering; Pb: 2.53-18.62 mg/g berat kering). Berdasarkan analisis korelasi daripada 9 populasi geografi, korelasi koefisien (nilai R) yang lebih tinggi di antara periostrakum- fraksi geokimia bagi sedimen daripada tisu lembut-fraksi geokimia bagi sedimen, menunjukkan potensi periostrakum sebagai bahan biopenunjuk bagi Pb. Oleh itu, keputusan ini menyokong penggunaan periostrakum P. viridis sebagai bahan biopenunjuk bagi Pb tetapi bukan bagi Cd. Walau bagaimanapun, kajian lanjutan perlu dilakukan untuk mengesahkan penggunaannya dalam kajian pemantauan logam berat di kawasan persisiran pantai tropika.

Kata kunci: Bahan biopenunjuk; Cd; Pb; periostrakum; Perna viridis

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*Corresponding author; email: yapckong@hotmail.com