Sains Malaysiana 41(5)(2012): 553–560

Effects of the Phloemic Stress on the Growth, Development and Quality of Wax Apple (Syzygium samarangense) cv. Jambu madu

(Kesan Tekanan Floem Terhadap Pertumbuhan, Perkembangan dan Kualiti Epal Lilin

(Syzygium samarangense) cv. Jambu Air Madu)

Mohammad Moneruzzaman Khandaker*, Normaniza Osman, Abm Sharif Hossain

& Amru Nasrulhaq Boyce

Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

Received: 21 March 2011 / Accepted: 2 November 2011

ABSTRACT

A study was carried out to investigate the effects of different girdling techniques on the growth, development and quality of red wax apple fruits (Syzygium samarangense). Selected horticultural parameters were monitored at one week interval during the growth period from December 2008 to October 2010, using I, C, V shaped, 50%, and 100% girdling. Girdling was applied 2 weeks before flowering. The results showed that the C-shaped girdling technique produced the best results with regard to the fruit setting and chlorophyll content in comparison to the control and the other girdling techniques employed. Furthermore, C-shaped girdling enhanced faster fruit growth producing the best final fruit length and diameter. In addition to significantly increased yield, juice percentage, leaf dry matter, biomass and TSS content of fruits. It was also observed that 50% girdling decreased fruit dropping. V-shaped girdling also increased the number of bud and reduced bud dropping compared to control. I-shaped girdle fruits produced the highest amount of K+ content in fruit juice compared to other treatments. The color development of the fruit peel in 100% girdling was also the highest among the treatments. From this study, it can be concluded that C-shaped girdling applied two weeks before flowering produced better fruit growth, yield and quality of red wax apple fruits under field conditions.

Keywords: Fruit quality; girdling; Syzygium samarangense

ABSTRAK

Satu kajian telah dijalankan untuk menentukan kesan teknik girdling yang berbeza ke atas pertumbuhan, pembangunan dan kualiti air buah epal merah (Syzygium samarangense). Parameter hortikultur yang terpilih telah dipantau pada selang seminggu dalam tempoh pertumbuhan dari Disember 2008 hingga Oktober 2010, dengan menggunakan teknik girdling berbentuk I, C, V, 50%, dan 100% girdling. Girdling telah diaplikasikan 2 minggu sebelum berbunga. Keputusan menunjukkan bahawa teknik girdling berbentuk C menghasilkan keputusan yang terbaik mengenai tetapan buah-buahan dan kandungan klorofil berbanding kawalan dan teknik-teknik girdling yang lain. Tambahan pula, girdling berbentuk C didapati meningkatkan pertumbuhan buah-buahan dengan lebih cepat dalam menghasilkan panjang dan diameter akhir buah yang terbaik, sebagai tambahan kepada peningkatan hasil yang ketara dalam peratusan jus, berat kering daun, biojisim dan kandunganTSS buah. Girdling 50% juga dapat dilihat menurunkan keguguran buah. Girdling berbentuk V juga meningkatkan bilangan putik dan mengurangkan keguguran berbanding kawalan. Girdling berbentuk I menghasilkan jumlah kandungan K+ tertinggi dalam jus buah berbanding perlakuan lain. Perkembangan warna bagi pengupasan buah dalam girdling 100% juga adalah yang tertinggi di antara perlakuan. Daripada kajian ini, dapat disimpulkan bahawa girdling berbentuk C yang diaplikasikan dua minggu sebelum berbunga menghasilkan pertumbuhan hasil dan kualiti buah epal merah yang lebih baik di lapangan.

Kata kunci: Girdling; kualiti buah; Sizigium samarangense

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*Corresponding author; e-mail: kmoneruzzaman@yahoo.com