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Factors Associated with Mild Cognitive
Impairment among Elderly Patients Attending Medical Clinics in Universiti
Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre
(Faktor-Faktor
yang Berkaitan dengan Kecelaan Kognitif Ringan di Kalangan Pesakit Warga Tua
yang Menghadiri Klinik-Klinik Perubatan di Pusat Perubatan Universiti
Kebangsaan Malaysia)
Rosdinom Razali*, Azlin Baharudin, Nik Ruszyanei Nik Jaafar, Hatta Sidi, Abdul Hadi Rosli Khoo Boo Hooi, Lee Tyan Shin, Noor Hafizah Samsudin Bahari & Noralia Anis Elias
Department
of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre
(UKMMC), Bandar Tun Razak, 56100, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
Received:
4 August 2011 / Accepted: 2 November 2011
ABSTRACT
Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is a
common condition among the elderly and is believed to be a precursor to
Alzheimer disease. This study aims to detect the prevalence of MCI and
factors associated with it. A cross-sectional study was conducted on a group of
elderly patients attending various medical clinics in Universiti Kebangsaan
Malaysia Medical Centre (UKMMC) in 2010. Only patients
aged 60 years and above, literate with no hearing or visual impairments were
included. Screening instruments included the Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) and a
questionnaire on sociodemographic and clinical data. The cut-off points for MMSE for MCI was 21/30
to 28/30. The prevalence rate based on MMSE score for
‘normal’ and MCI were 35.3% and 64.7%,
respectively. Most of the 346 patients (33.9%) had only one type of medical
illness and on one type of medication. MCI was
significantly associated with low educational achievement (p<0.05) and rheumatological
diseases (p= 0.05). However, it is not associated with the number of medical
illnesses suffered by patients and the number of medications prescribed. This
study highlighted that MCI was a common condition
among the elderly UKMMC Medical clinic attendees
and was significantly associated with their low education level.
Keywords
: Elderly; impairment; mild cognitive MCI; medical
illness; MMSE
ABSTRAK
Kecelaan kognitif ringan (MCI) adalah
satu keadaan yang sering terdapat di kalangan warga tua dan dipercayai adalah
tanda awal penyakit Alzheimer. Kajian ini bertujuan untuk mengesan prevalen MCI dan
faktor-faktor yang berkaitan dengannya. Satu kajian menggunakan kaedah keratan
rentas telah dikendalikan di kalangan sekumpulan pesakit luar warga tua di
klinik perubatan di Pusat Perubatan Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (PPUKM). Hanya
pesakit yang berumur 60 tahun ke atas yang tiada penyakit Demensia, boleh
membaca dan tiada kecacatan pendengaran serta penglihatan dimasukkan dalam
kajian ini. Alat saringan terdiri daripada Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) dan
soal-selidik yang mengandungi data sosio-demografi dan data klinikal. Titik
keratan untuk MCI menggunakan MMSE adalah
21/30 hingga 28/30. Kadar prevalen untuk gejala kognitif yang ‘normal’ dan MCI adalah
masing-masing 35.3% dan 64.7%. Kebanyakan daripada 346 (33.9%) pesakit
mempunyai hanya sejenis penyakit dan mengambil hanya sejenis ubatan. MCI dikaitkan
secara signifikan dengan tahap pelajaran yang rendah (p<0.05) dan penyakit
rheumatik (p= 0.05). Walau bagaimanapun, MCI tiada
kaitan dengan bilangan penyakit dan bilangan ubatan yang diambil oleh pesakit.
Kajian ini menunjukkan bahawa MCI adalah
satu keadaan yang sering terdapat di kalangan warga tua pesakit luar klinik
perubatan UKM dan ianya berkait secara
signifikan dengan tahap pelajaran mereka yang rendah.
Kata
kunci: Kecelaruan kognitif ringan; MCI; MMSE; penyakit perubatan; warga tua
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*Correspondence
author; email: rosdinom@ppukm.ukm.my
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