Sains Malaysiana 42(1)(2013): 25–32

Cephalometric and Malocclusion Analysis of Kadazan Dusun Ethnic Orthodontic Patients

(Analisis Sefalometrik dan Maloklusi Pesakit Ortodontik Etnik Kadazan Dusun)

Rohaya Megat Abdul Wahab* & Hartini Idris

Orthodontic Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia

50300 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

Habibah Yacob

Klinik Pergigian Bandar Maharani, Jalan Hospital, 84000 Muar, Johor, Malaysia

Shahrul Hisham Zainal Ariffin

School of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology

Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 50300 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

Received: 19 October 2011 / Accepted: 30 May 2012

ABSTRACT

The aims of this study were to assess the skeletal pattern and the malocclusion of Kadazan Dusun ethnic patients who seek for orthodontic treatment. Cephalometric radiographs (248) and 345 study models were collected from four orthodontic clinics in Sabah. The cephalometric mean values (SNA, SNB, ANB, MMA, SNMxP, UIMxP, LIMnP and ALFH) were measured and the study models were analysed for overjet, overbite, incisor and molar relationships. Some morphological or occlusal features such as shovel shape, Talon cusp, peg shape teeth, midline diastema, canine displacement and supernumerary tooth were also noted. The frequency and correlation of cephalometric mean values and prevalence of malocclusion were analysed using SPSS 18. Class I Skeletal pattern was the most common (48%) followed by Class II (33%) and Class III (18%). There was a strong correlation between SNA and SNB values (>0.70). Class II/1 incisor relationship has the highest frequency (41%) followed by Class III (32%), Class I (21%) and Class II/2 (6%). Class II Molar relationship of both right and left showed highest frequency (38%) followed by Class I (33%) and Class III (30%). Increased of overjet (44%) and reduced overbite (41%) and shovel-shaped incisor were the most common occlusal and dental features. The Kadazan Dusun patients who seek for orthodontic treatment in Sabah were mostly presented with Class I Skeletal pattern with high prevalence in Class II/1 incisor relationship, Class II molar relationship, increased overjet and reduced overbite. The orthodontic treatment pertaining to this ethnicity should be in line with the findings that will benefit patient specifically based on their common presented features.

Keywords: Cephalometric; Kadazan Dusun; malocclusion; orthodontic treatment

ABSTRAK

Penyelidikan ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji corak pola rangka dan kelaziman maloklusi pada pesakit Kadazan Dusun yang mendapatkan rawatan ortodontik. Radiograf sefalometrik (245) dan 345 model kajian telah dikumpulkan daripada empat klinik ortodontik di Sabah. Nilai purata sefalometrik (SNA, SNB, ANB, MMA, SNMxP, UIMxP, LIMnP dan ALFH) telah diukur dan model kajian telah dianalisis untuk melihatrhubungan antara ‘overjet’, ‘overbite’, perhubungan insisor dan molar. Beberapa morfologi atau ciri-ciri oklusi seperti gigi bentuk penyodok, kuspa talon, gigi berbentuk pasak, diastema garis tengah, peralihan gigi taring dan lebihan bilangan gigi dicatatkan. Frekuensi dan perkaitan antara nilai purata sefalometrik dan kelaziman maloklusi dianalisis menggunakan SPSS 18. Corak Skeletal Kelas I (48%) adalah yang paling biasa diikuti oleh Kelas II (33%) dan Kelas III (18%). Terdapat perkaitan yang kuat antara nilai SNA dan SNB (>0.70). Perhubungan incisor Kelas II/1 menunjukkan frekuensi yang tertinggi (41%) diikuti oleh Kelas III (32%), Kelas I (21%) dan Kelas II/2 (6%). Perhubungan molar Kelas II pada kanan dan kiri menunjukkan frekuensi yang tertinggi (38%) diikuti oleh Kelas I (33%) dan Kelas III (30%). Peningkatan ‘overjet’ (44%), pengurangan ‘overbite’ (41%) dan insisor berbentuk penyodok adalah ciri-ciri gigi dan oklusi yang lazim. Pesakit ortodontik Kadazan Dusun Sabah kebanyakannya menunjukkan corak pola rangka Kelas I dengan kelaziman yang tinggi pada perhubungan insisor Kelas II/1, perhubungan molar Kelas II, peningkatan ‘overjet’ dan penurunan ‘overbite’. Rawatan ortodontik untuk etnik ini perlu selaras dengan penemuan kajian ini dengan pesakit boleh mendapat faedah khususnya berdasarkan kepada ciri-ciri am mereka.

Kata kunci: Kadazan Dusun; maloklusi; rawatan ortodontik; sefalometrik

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*Corresponding author; email: rohaya@medic.ukm.my