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Sains Malaysiana 42(1)(2013):
73–80
Evaluation of Antimicrobial Efficacy of Antibiotics and
Calcium Hydroxide against Enterococcus faecalis Biofilm in Dentine
(Kajian Keberkesanan Antibiotik Antimikrob dan Kalsium Hidroksida
ke Atas Biofilem Enterococcus faecalis di Dalam Dentin)
W.L.
Chai*
Department
of General Dental Practice and Oral & Maxillofacial Imaging, Faculty of
Dentistry
University
of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
H. Hamimah
Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University
of Malaya
50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
M. Abdullah
Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry
University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
Received: 18 January 2012 / Accepted: 2 May 2012
ABSTRACT
The objective of this study was to investigate the antimicrobial
efficacy of erythromycin, oxytetracycline and calcium hydroxide [Ca(OH)2] against Enterococcus faecalis biofilm in dentine. E.
faecalis ATCC 29212 (American type culture collection) was inoculated into
standard tooth sections and incubated in aerobic atmosphere at 37°C for 21
days. The infected tooth sections were then exposed to the test agents for 5
and 10 min. The colony forming units (CFU) after the exposure periods at three
different depths <100 μm, 100-350 μm and 350-500 μm were
enumerated. After 5 min of exposure, both antibiotics had significantly lower CFU count
than Ca(OH)2 solution at three dentinal depths. Comparing
with the oxytetracycline, the CFU count of the erythromycin was significantly
(p<0.05) lower at the depth of 100-500 μm. Similarly, after 10
min of exposure, erythromycin had significantly lower CFU count (p<0.05)
at three dentinal depths. Oxytetracycline showed significantly lower CFU count
than Ca(OH)2 at 100 μm depth. Comparing with the two
exposure times, the erythromycin and Ca(OH)2 groups
showed significant lower CFU counts after 10 min of exposure in the
antimicrobial agents to 5 min. In conclusion, both antibiotics show better
antimicrobial activity than Ca(OH)2 in removing the E.
faecalis biofilm in dentine.
Keywords: Antimicrobials; biofilm; calcium hydroxide; dentinal
tubules; Enterococcus faecalis
ABSTRAK
Tujuan kajian ini adalah untuk mengkaji keberkesanan antimikrob eritomisin,
oksitetrasilisin dan kalsium hidroksida [Ca(OH)2]
ke atas biofilem Enterococcus faecalis di
dalam dentin. E. faecalis ATCC 29212 (American
Type Culture Collection) diguna untuk menjangkiti keratan piawai
akar gigi manusia dalam keadaan atmosfera aerobik pada 37°C
selama 21 hari. Keratan akar gigi yang telah dijangkiti didedahkan
kepada agen ujian selama 5 dan 10 min. Selepas tempoh pendedahan,
kiraan unit pembentukan koloni (CFU) pada tiga kedalaman
dentin, iaitu <100 μm, 100-350 μm and 350-500 μm
yang berbeza dibandingkan. Selepas pendedahan selama 5 min, kedua-dua
jenis antibiotik didapati mempunyai kiraan CFU yang kurang namun signifikan berbanding Ca(OH)2 pada ketiga-tiga kedalaman dentin. Berbanding
dengan oksitetrasilisin, eritomisin menunjukkan kiraan CFU yang
jauh lebih kurang berbanding
oksitetrasilisin
dan signifikan (p<0.05) pada kedalaman dentin 100-500
μm. Selepas pendedahan selama 10 min, eritomisin mempunyai kiraan CFU yang paling rendah dan signifikan (p<0.05)
pada ketiga-tiga kedalaman dentin. Oxytetracycline menunjukkan kiraan CFU yang
ketara kurang daripada Ca(OH)2 pada kedalaman 100
μm. Dalam perbandingan masa pendedahan, eritomisin dan Ca(OH)2 menunjukkan
CFU yang
ketara kurang selepas pendedahan selama 10 min berbanding dengan
5 min. Secara kesimpulan, kedua-dua antibiotik menunjukkan aktiviti
antimikrobial yang lebih berkesan daripada Ca(OH)2 terhadap biofilem E. faecalis pada
dentin.
Kata kunci: Antimikrob; biofilem; kalsium
hidroksida; Enterococcus faecalis; tubul dentin
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*Corresponding author; email: chawl@um.edu.my
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