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Sains Malaysiana 42(5)(2013):
579–586
Analisis Potensi Kebakaran Hutan
Menggunakan Teknik Georuang dan Permodelan AHP di Selangor,
Malaysia
(Analysis of Potential Forest Fires by Utilizing Geospatial and AHP Model in Selangor, Malaysia)
Mohd Dini Hairi Suliman& MasturaMahmud*
Pusat Pencerapan Bumi, Fakulti Sains Sosial dan Kemanusiaan, Universiti
Kebangsaan Malaysia
43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor D.E., Malaysia
Received: 27 February
2012/Accepted: 20 October 2012
ABSTRAK
Kejadian kebakaran hutan yang memberikan implikasi negatif
terhadap ekosistem hutan, kepelbagaian biologi, kualiti udara dan struktur
tanah dapat dikurangkan melalui sistem pengurusan bencana yang berkesan. Mekanisme pengurusan bencana dapat dibangunkan melalui sistem
amaran awal yang tepat serta sistem penyampaian maklumat yang cekap. Penyelidikan ini cuba memberi tumpuan kepada pemetaan
potensi kebakaran hutan serta penyampaian maklumat kepada pengguna melalui
aplikasi WebGIS.
Teknologi georuangl dan permodelan matematik digunakan bagi mengenal pasti,
mengelas serta memetakan kawasan hutan yang berpotensi untuk terbakar. Permodelan
model proses analitik hierarki (AHP) serta teknologi georuang yang
merangkumi penderiaan jauh, sistem maklumat geografi (GIS) dan pengumpulan data
lapangan secara digital telah digunakan untuk negeri Selangor. AHP adalah suatu teknik
yang dapat memodel sesuatu keputusan yang meliputi objektif menyeluruh, dalam
kajian ini untuk mencari kawasan yang berpotensi berlakunya kebakaran hutan.
Tiga kriteria iaitu bahan bakar, bentuk topografi dan faktor manusia telah
dipilih untuk membina satu reka bentuk hierarki berstruktur yang setiapnya
diberikan pemberat. Kemudian hierarki ini dianalisis melalui satu siri
perbandingan berpasangan yang diproses secara matematik dan keutamaan diberikan
kepada kedudukan yang tinggi untuk mencapai hasil sumbangan pakar yang terlibat
secara langsung dengan operasi pemadaman kebakaran hutan yang terdiri daripada
pegawai Jabatan Bomba dan Penyelamat Malaysia juga dinilai dalam model ini.
Hasil kajian mendapati 65% daripada keseluruhan Selangor berpotensi rendah
untuk terbakar sementara kawasan seluas 32.83 km persegi iaitu di Bestari Jaya,
Ulu Tinggi dan Kuala Langat berpotensi melampau terbakar. Paparan maklumat
melalui aplikasi WebGIS ini merupakan satu pendekatan terbaik bagi
membantu proses membuat keputusan pada tahap keyakinan yang tinggi dan hampir
menyamai keadaan sebenar. Agensi yang terlibat dalam pengurusan bencana seperti
Jawatankuasa Pengurusan dan Bantuan Bencana (JPBB) Daerah, Negeri dan
Pusat serta Jabatan Bomba dan Penyelamat Malaysia dapat menggunakan hasil akhir
kajian ini sebagai persediaan menghadapi ancaman kebakaran hutan pada masa akan
datang.
Kata kunci: Peta risiko kebakaran hutan; Selangor; tanah gambut;
tanah mineral
ABSTRACT
The incidences of forest fires that negatively impact the forest
ecosystems, biodiversity, air quality and the soil structure can be reduced
through the effective disaster management by developing an accurate early
warning system. This study was focused on the mapping of the potential areas of
forest fire occurrences through a WebGIS application that can relay information to
interested users. The geospatial technology and mathematical modeling were
utilized to identify, classify and map the potential forest areas that are
prone to fire. The analytical hierarchy process (AHP) model and the
geospatial technology that consist of remote sensing, geographical information
system (GIS)
and digital observed field data were utilised for the state of Selangor. AHP is
a technique that models a decision, which in this study includes an overall
objective of finding a forest area which has the potential of forest fire
occurring. Three criteria such as fuel, topography and human factors were
selected to build a hiearchical structure and a weight was given to each
criterion. The hierarchy was then analysed through a series of pairwise
comparisons that is processed mathematically and priority is given to the
highest ranking to achieve the desired result. The expert’s opinions were
obtained from the firemen of the Malaysian Fire and Rescue Department who were
directly involved with the forest fire operations. The result from this study
showed that 65% of the area in Selangor has a potentially low fire occurrence,
while 32.83 km2 of extremely high risk fire areas were found in places
such as Bestari Jaya, Ulu Tinggi and Kuala Langat. The information displayed
through the WebGIS application is one of the best ways to
assist the relevant authorities make an informed decision with a high
confidence as it represents an almost real situation. The various agencies
involved with the disaster management operations such as the disaster
committees at the district, state and federal levels and the Malaysian Fire and
Rescue Department may utilise this output as a tool to alleviate the future risk of
forest fires.
Keywords: Mineral soil; peat soil; risk map of
forest fires; Selangor
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*Correspnding author; email: mastura@ukm.my
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