Sains Malaysiana 42(5)(2013): 629–633

Characterization of Fusarium semitectum Isolates from Vegetable Fruits

(Pencirian Pencilan Fusarium semitectum daripada Buahan Sayuran)

Z. Latiffah*, M.S. Nurul Huda & T.M.A. Tengku Ahmad Akram

School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 USM, Penang, Malaysia

Received: 1 December 2011/Accepted: 14 November 2012

ABSTRACT

Fusarium semitectum is a widespread species occurring in various types of substrate. Fifteen F. semitectum isolates were recovered from several types of vegetable fruits showing fruit rot symptoms, namely long bean (Vigna sesquilpedalis), okra (Abelmoschus esculentus), loofa (Luffa acutangula), bitter gourd (Momordica charantia), cucumber (Cucumis sativus) and green chilli (Capsicum annum). The identification of the F. semitectum isolates was based on morphological characteristics of macroconidia and microconidia, presence of mesoconidia and colony pigmentation. The isolates were then characterized using vegetative compatibility group (VCG) and sequencing of translation elongation factor-1α gene (TEF-1α). From VCG analysis, 11 isolates were assigned to six VCGs and another four isolates were self-incompatible. The results of the phylogenetic analysis using TEF-1α sequences showed that the isolates were phyogenetically distinct although the morphological characteristics were very similar and generally the grouping of the isolates was not according to the host. Both VCG and phylogenetic analyses indicated that F. semitectum isolates from vegetable fruits were highly variable which suggested that the isolates belong to a species complex.

Keywords: Fusarium semitectum; TEF-1α; VCG; vegetable fruits

ABSTRAK

Fusarium semitectum merupakan spesies yang tersebar dengan meluas, menduduki pelbagai jenis substrat. Lima belas pencilan F. semitectum telah diperoleh daripada beberapa jenis buahan sayuran yang menunjukkan gejala reput buah iaitu kacang panjang (Vigna sesquilpedalis), okra (Abelmoschus esculentus), petola (Luffa acutangula), peria (Momordica charantia), timun (Cucumis sativus) dan cili hijau(Capsicum annum). Pencilan F. semitectum telah dikenal pasti berdasarkan ciri-ciri morfologi makrokonidia, mikrokonidia, kehadiran mesokonidia and pigmentasi koloni. Pencilan tersebut kemudiannya dicirikan menggunakan kumpulan keserasian vegetatif (VCG) dan penjujukan gen faktor pemanjangan translasi (TEF-1α). Daripada analisis VCG, 11 pencilan diletakkan ke dalam enam kumpulan VCG dan empat pencilan yang selebihnya menunjukkan ketidakserasian sendiri. Keputusan analisis filogenetik menggunakan jujukan TEF-1α menunjukkan pencilan tersebut berbeza secara filogenetik walaupun ciri-ciri morfologinya adalah serupa dan secara amnya pencilan tersebut tidak dikumpulkan mengikut perumah. Kedua-dua analisis VCG dan filogenetik menunjukkan pencilan F. semitectum daripada buahan sayuran mempunyai variasi yang tinggi yang dicadangkan pencilan tersebut tergolong dalam satu kompleks spesies.

Kata kunci: Buahan sayuran; Fusarium semitectum; TEF-1α; VCG

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*Corresponding author; email: Lfah@usm.my