Sains Malaysiana 42(7)(2013): 943–948

A Qualitative Analysis of Litsea fulva Essential Oils Using Comprehensive Two-dimensional Gas Chromatography Coupled with Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry

(Penganalisan Kualitatif dalam Minyak Pati Litsea fulva Melalui Gas Kromatografi Dua Dimensi

Berganding dengan Spektrometer Jisim Masa-Terbang (TOF/MS))

Khong Heng Yen*

School of Chemistry and Environmental Studies, Faculty of Applied Sciences

Universiti Teknologi MARA, Jalan Meranek, 94300 Kota Samarahan, Sarawak

Malaysia

Laily B Din, Norzamzurina Ismail & Mohd Ambar Yarmo

School of Chemical Sciences & Food Technology, Faculty of Science and Technology

Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43400 Bangi, Selangor, D.E. Malaysia

Zuriati Zakaria

Malaysia Japan International Institute of Technology, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia

54100 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

Nor Hadiani Ismail

Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA

40450 Shah Alam, Selangor, D.E. Malaysia

Received: 27 June 2012/Accepted: 15 November 2012

ABSTRACT

A qualitative analysis of the individual compounds in Litsea fulva (locally known as ‘Medang’) essential oils was performed by comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography (GC × GC) coupled with time-of-flight mass spectrometer (TOF/MS) for the identification of the resolved peaks. Litsea fulva essential oil was found to contain 98 identifiable peaks with 32 compounds were identified with good matches. These compounds identified included 30 hydrocarbons, 22 alcohols, five acids, 16 ketones, five aldehydes, 12 esters, six ethers and two other compounds. The L. fulva leaf oil contained alcohols and ethers, with 34.09% and 24.38%, respectively. The major components of these oils were cis-Z-α-bisabolene epoxide (9.51%), trans-Z-α-bisabolene epoxide (8.36%), C₁₃H₂0_O2 (7.39%), longipinocarvone (5.68%), τ-Cadinol (4.24%), C15H24O (4.98%) and α-cadinol (3.95%). The study also showed that the comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography (GC × GC) is a better and more powerful separation tool in GC and an identification tool for analyzing complex volatile oils compared with the one-dimensional GC.

Keywords: Comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography; essential oils; Litsea fulva; time-of-flight mass spectrometer

ABSTRAK

Analisis kualitatif setiap sebatian dalam minyak pati Litsea fulva (dikenali sebagai ‘Medang’) dilakukan melalui kromatografi gas dua dimensi berganding dengan spektrometer jisim masa-terbang (TOF/MS) untuk pengecaman puncak-puncak sebatian yang terlerai. Minyak pati Litsea fulva didapati mengandungi 98 puncak dengan 32 daripadanya dapat dicamkan sebatiannya. Sebatian yang telah dicamkan termasuklah 30 hidrokarbon, 22 alkohol, lima asid, 16 keton, lima aldehid, 12 ester, enam eter dan dua sebatian lain. Kelimpahan yang paling tinggi dalam minyak pati daun Litsea fulva ialah alkohol dan ester, masing-masing 34.09% dan 24.38%. Komponen utama minyak ini ialah cis-Z-α-bisabolena epoksida (9.51%), trans-Z-α-bisabolena eposida (8.36%), C₁₃H₂₀O₂ (7.39%), longipinokarvon (5.68%), τ-kadinol (4.24%), C15H24O (4.98%) dan α-kadinol (3.95%). Kajian ini juga menunjukkan kromatografi gas dua dimensi komprehensif adalah alat yang lebih baik untuk pemisahan dalam GC dan alat pengecaman untuk analisis minyak meruap yang kompleks berbanding GC satu dimensi.

Kata kunci: Kromatografi gas dua dimensi komprehensif; Litsea fulva; minyak pati; spektrometer jisim masa-terbang

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*Corresponding author; email: khonghy@sarawak.uitm.edu.my