Sains Malaysiana 43(10)(2014): 1515–1521

Antioxidant, Anticancer and Antimicrobial Activities of Methanolic Extracts from Enicosanthellum pulchrum (King) Heusden

(Aktiviti Antioksidan, Antikanser dan Antimikrobial Ekstrak Kasar Enicosanthellum pulchrum (King) Heusden)

NORAZIAH NORDIN¹*, SYAM MOHAN1, NAJIHAH MOHD. HASHIM¹, ASDREN ZAJMI¹, NOOR SHAFIFIYAZ MOHD. YAZID¹, MASHITOH ABDUL RAHMAN¹, FATIMA ABDELMUTAAL AHMED OMER¹, HANITA OMAR^2,3, FATIMAH A’FIFAH ALIAS² & HAPIPAH MOHD. ALI²

¹Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

²Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya

50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

³Centre for Foundation Studies in Sciences, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur

Malaysia

Received: 20 August 2013/Accepted: 3 March 2014

ABSTRACT

Biological activities of crude methanolic extracts from leaves, barks, twigs and roots of Enicosanthellum pulchrum were investigated in four bioassays. The antioxidant, 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging assay showed that bark and twig extracts showed high inhibitory activity with 60 and 56% inhibition at 1 mg/mL and IC50 values of 0.43 ± 0.04 and 0.64 ± 0.05 mg/mL, respectively. The bark and root extracts showed greater reducing power (FRAP) than several standard drugs used in the bioassay. Methanolic extracts of leaves, twigs and roots displayed strong cytotoxicity to breast cancer cell line (MCF-7), myelomonocytic leukaemia cell line (WEHI-3) and ovarian cancer cell line (CAOV-3); the IC50 of the leaf extract were 7.8 ± 0.85 μg/mL (MCF-7) and 9.0 ± 0.13 μg/mL (WEHI-3), while those for the twig and root extracts were 13.9 ± 0.35 and 7.3 ± 0.98 μg/mL (CAOV-3), respectively. In the antimicrobial assays, the extracts were tested against ten bacterial strains and two fungal strains. Bark and twig extracts displayed high inhibitory activity to Bacillus subtilis with 13.3 ± 0.57 and 12.0 ± 0.01 mm inhibition, respectively. In addition, the twig extract displayed better minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) compared with the bark extract (MIC 0.5 and 1.0 mg/mL, MBC 1.0 and 2.0 mg/mL, respectively). For antifungal activity, all extracts showed inhibition on Candida albicans but not on Aspergillus niger. The obtained results suggested that this plant may possibly contain bioactive compounds in the active extracts.

Keywords: Anticancer; antimicrobial; antioxidant; Enicosanthellum pulchrum; methanolic extracts

ABSTRAK

Aktiviti biologi Enicosanthellum pulchrum bagi ekstrak kasar metanol daun, kulit, batang dan akar telah dikaji terhadap empat bioasai. Asai skaveng antioksidan, 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) mendedahkan bahawa ekstrak kulit dan batang menunjukkan aktiviti perencatan yang tinggi dengan perencatan sebanyak 60 dan 56% pada kepekatan 1 mg/mL, manakala nilai IC50 masing-masing adalah 0.43 ± 0.04 dan 0.64 ± 0.05 mg/mL. Ekstrak kulit dan akar menunjukkan kuasa pengurangan yang lebih besar (FRAP) berbanding dadah kawalan yang digunakan dalam bioasai ini. Ekstrak metanol daun, batang dan akar memaparkan sitotoksisiti yang kuat terhadap titisan sel kanser payudara (MCF-7), leukimia milomonositik (WEHI-3) dan kanser ovari (CAOV-3); nilai IC50 bagi ekstrak daun 7.8 ± 0.85 μg/mL (MCF-7), manakala ekstrak batang dan akar masing-masing adalah 13.9 ± 0.35 dan 7.3 ± 0.98 μg/mL (CAOV-3). Bagi asai antimikrob, ekstrak diuji terhadap sepuluh strain bakteria dan dua strain fungus. Ekstrak kulit dan batang memaparkan aktiviti perencatan yang tinggi terhadap bakteria bacillus subtilis dengan perencatan masing-masing sebanyak 13.3 ± 0.57 dan 12.0 ± 0.01 mm. Bacaan bagi kepekatan perencatan minimum (MIC) dan kepekatan bakterisidal minimum (MBC) bagi kedua-dua ekstrak menunjukkan ekstrak batang memberikan bacaan MIC dan MBC yang lebih baik berbanding ekstrak kulit dengan bacaan masing-masing sebanyak (MIC 0.5 dan 1.0 mg/mL, MBC 1.0 dan 2.0 mg/mL). Bagi aktiviti antifungus, semua ekstrak memberikan perencatan terhadap Candida albicans dan tidak pada Aspergillus niger. Keputusan yang diperoleh mencadangkan bahawa tumbuhan ini berkumungkinan mempunyai sebatian bioaktif daripada ekstrak aktif.

Kata kunci: Antikanser; antimikrob; antioksidan; ekstrak metanol; Enicosanthellum pulchrum

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*Corresponding author; email: aziereality@yahoo.com