Sains Malaysiana 43(12)(2014): 1827–1833

Xanthine Oxidase Inhibitory and DPPH Radical Scavenging Activities of Some Primulaceae Species

(Aktiviti Perencatan Xantina Oksidase dan Hapus-sisa Radikal DPPH oleh Beberapa Spesies Primulaceae)

NORLIDA MAMAT¹, JAMIA AZDINA JAMAL²*, IBRAHIM JANTAN² & KHAIRANA HUSAIN²

¹Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Kampus Kota

Jalan Sultan Mahmud, 20400 Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu Darul Iman, Malaysia

²Drug and Herbal Research Centre, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia

Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, 50300 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

Received: 19 July 2013/Accepted: 5 May 2014

ABSTRACT

Xanthine oxidase (XO) is an enzyme that catalyzes the metabolism of hypoxanthine and xanthine into uric acid. XO also serves as an important biological source of free radicals that contribute to oxidative damage involved in many pathological processes. Antioxidant effects of several Primulaceae species have been reported but their XO inhibitory activity has not been investigated. Thus, this study was conducted to determine the XO inhibitory and free radical scavenging activities of Primulaceae species and to correlate these activities with their total phenolic contents (TPC). A total of 129 extracts of different plant parts of twelve Primulaceae species were assayed for XO inhibition spectrophotometrically at 290 nm using allopurinol as a positive control. The antioxidant activity was determined using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging assay and TPC of the extracts were determined by the Folin-Ciocalteau method. The Pearson correlation analysis indicated that the TPC of the extracts showed moderate positive correlations with XO inhibition (r=0.31, p<0.05) and DPPH antioxidant activity (r=0.31, p<0.05) for all of the dichloromethane extracts. Amongst the extracts tested, the dichloromethane extract of the roots of Labisia pumila var. alata showed the strongest inhibitory effects for XO (IC₅₀ 4.8 μg/mL) and DPPH free radical capacity (IC₅₀ 1.7 μg/mL). The results suggested that Primulaceae species, particularly the dichloromethane extract of L. pumila var. alata roots, are the potential source of useful leads for the development of XO inhibitors.

Keywords: Labisia pumila var. alata; Primulaceae; total phenolic content; xanthine oxidase inhibition

ABSTRAK

Xantina oksidase (XO) merupakan enzim yang memangkinkan metabolisme hipoxantina dan xantina kepada asid urik. XO juga merupakan sumber biologi radikal bebas yang menyebabkan kerosakan oksidatif yang terlibat dalam kebanyakan proses patologi. Kesan antioksidan beberapa spesies Primulaceae telah dilaporkan tetapi aktiviti perencatan XO masih belum dikaji. Oleh itu, tujuan kajian ini adalah untuk menentukan aktiviti perencatan XO dan hapus-sisa radikal bebas oleh spesies Primulaceae dan mengkorelasi aktiviti ini dengan kandungan fenolik total (TPC). Sejumlah 129 ekstrak daripada bahagian tumbuhan yang berbeza daripada dua belas spesies Primulaceae telah dinilai untuk aktiviti perencatan XO secara spektrofotometri pada 290 nm menggunakan alopurinol sebagai kawalan positif. Aktiviti antioksidan ditentukan dengan asai hapus-sisa radikal bebas 2,2-difenil-1-pikrilhidrazil (DPPH) dan TPC dalam ekstrak ditentukan oleh kaedah Follin-Ciocalteu. Analisis korelasi Pearson menunjukkan bahawa TPC dalam ekstrak mempunyai korelasi yang sederhana positif dengan aktiviti perencatan XO (r=0.31, p<0.05) dan antioksidan DPPH (r=0.31, p<0.05) bagi kesemua ekstrak diklorometana. Antara kesemua ekstrak yang diuji, ekstrak diklorometana akar Labisia pumila var. alata menunjukkan kesan perencatan XO (IC₅₀ 4.8 μg/mL) dan radikal bebas DPPH (IC₅₀ 1.7 μg/mL) yang kuat. Hasil kajian ini menunjukkan bahawa spesies Primulaceae, terutamanya ekstrak diklorometana akar L. pumila var. alata, merupakan sumber berpotensi yang berguna untuk pembangunan agen perencat XO.

Kata kunci: Kandungan fenolik total; Labisia pumila var. alata; perencatan xantina oksidase; Primulaceae

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*Corresponding author; email: jamia@ukm.edu.my