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Sains Malaysiana 43(1)(2014): 1–7
Grain
Quality Performance and Heritability Estimation in Selected F1
Rice Genotypes (Prestasi Kualiti Bijian dan
Anggaran Keterwarisan dalam Genotip F1 Terpilih
Padi) 1Institute
of Tropical Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM
Serdang, Selangor 2Department
of Crop Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia,
3Malaysian
Agricultural Research and Development Institute (MARDI), Station
MARDI, ABSTRACT A total of 17 rice genotypes consisted
of 12 F1 progenies and five parental
lines were evaluated for performance of grain qualities, yield
and yield components and vegetative traits at the Malaysian Agricultural
Research and Development Institute (MARDI)
Research Station in Seberang Perai, Penang. Except grain length,
all other grain quality characters, yield components and vegetative
traits varied significantly among the genotypes. Among the studied
characters, the highest heritability value was observed in plant
height with 99.75% followed by panicle length having 96.90% and
grain shape with 56.70% which could be successfully inherited
to the next generations. The rest of the traits had low heritability
values and ranged from 20.24 to 35.88%. This indicates that the
characters are mainly influenced by environmental factors such
as geographical effects and climate. However, in the quantitative
traits such as grain qualities and yield components, they are
usually difficult to inherit to the next generation due to low
heritability values. The combinations of Q76 and
MR84
had the highest in amylose content while Q76 and
MRQ74
had the lowest. Several selected F1 indica
rice genotypes from this evaluation are useful for future breeding
programme and biotechnological research for the improvement of
valuable grain quality traits.
Keywords: Grain quality characters;
heritability; indica rice genotypes; Oryza sativa L.
ABSTRAK Sejumlah 17 genotip padi yang mengandungi
12 progeni F1 dan 5 waris induk telah dinilai
prestasi kualiti bijian, hasil dan komponen hasil serta ciri vegetatif
di Stesyen Penyelidikan Institut Penyelidikan dan Pembangunan
Pertanian Malaysia (MARDI),
Seberang Perai, Pulau Pinang. Semua ciri kualiti
bijian, komponen hasil dan vegetatif memberikan kesan progeni
bererti kecuali panjang bijian. Dalam kalangan ciri tersebut,
nilai keterwarisan tertinggi ialah tinggi pokok dengan 99.75%,
diikuti panjang tangkai, 96.90% dan bentuk bijian, 56.70%; ciri
tersebut boleh diwariskan dengan jayanya ke generasi seterusnya.
Sementara itu ciri yang lain mempunyai
nilai keterwarisan yang rendah iaitu antara 20.24 hingga 35.88%.
Ini menunjukkan ciri tersebut adalah sangat
dipengaruhi oleh faktor sekitaran seperti kesan cuaca dan geografi.
Walau bagaimanapun, ciri kuantitatif seperti
kualiti bijian dan komponen hasil kebiasaannya adalah sukar diperturunkan
ke generasi seterusnya disebabkan nilai keterwarisan yang rendah.
Kombinasi antara Q76 dan
MR84
memberikan kandungan amilosa yang tertinggi dan
sebaliknya kombinasi Q76 dan MRQ74 adalah yang terendah.
Beberapa F1 genotip padi indica terpilih daripada penilaian ini adalah
sangat berguna untuk penyelidikan dalam program pembiakbakaan
dan bioteknologi masa depan untuk memajukan ciri bernilai kualiti
bijian.
Kata
kunci: Ciri kualiti bijian; genotip padi indica; keterwarisan;
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email: mrafii@upm.edu.my
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