Sains Malaysiana 43(1)(2014): 31–36

Insecticide Susceptibility of Bemisia tabaci to Karate® and Cydim Super® and

its Associated Carboxylesterase Activity

(Kerentanan Bemisia tabaci terhadap Racun Serangga Karate® dan Cydim Super® serta Kaitannya terhadap Aktiviti Karboksilesterase)

S.W. AVICOR¹*, V.Y. EZIAH², E.O. OWUSU³& M.F.F. WAJIDI¹

¹Molecular Entomology Research Group (MERG), School of Distance Education

Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Minden, Penang, Malaysia

²Department of Crop Science, College of Agriculture and Consumer Sciences

University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana

³Department of Animal Biology and Conservation Science (DABCS), University of Ghana,

Legon, Ghana

Received: 6 January 2013/Accepted: 23 April 2013

ABSTRACT

Bemisia tabaci is a pest of several economic crops worldwide and is mostly managed in Ghana by farmers through the use of insecticides. However, vegetable farmers have recently expressed concerns about the susceptibility of  B. tabaci to insecticides. Hence, the susceptibility status of field populations of B. tabaci on cassava, okra and tomato in vegetable growing sites in Accra to two commonly used insecticides, Karate® 2.5 EC (λ-cyhalothrin) and Cydim Super® (36 g Cypermethrin + 400 g Dimethoate per litre), using a modified dipping method and their carboxylesterase activity levels were assessed. The LC₅₀ values of the B. tabaci populations to the insecticides were low and ranged from 0.12-0.55 mL/L to 0.07-0.36 mL/L for Karate® and Cydim Super®, respectively. There was a wide variation in carboxylesterase activity levels of the insect populations with high levels recorded in some of the populations. The elevated activity levels could negatively impact on future whitefly management methods. This study provides baseline information on the insecticide resistance status and carboxylesterase levels of whitefly populations in these areas and for monitoring future insecticide resistance development.

Keywords: Bemisia tabaci; carboxylesterase; insecticides; susceptibility; vegetables

ABSTRAK

Bemisia tabaci ialah salah satu serangga perosak kepada beberapa tanaman ekonomi di seluruh dunia dan kebanyakannya berjaya dikawal di Ghana oleh para petani melalui penggunaan racun serangga. Walau bagaimanapun, para petani menyatakan kebimbangan tentang kerentanan B. tabaci terhadap racun serangga pada masa hadapan. Oleh itu, status kerentanan populasi bidang B. tabaci pada ubi kayu, bendi dan tomato di tapak semaian di Accra bagi dua racun serangga biasa digunakan, Karate® 2.5 EC (λ-cyhalothrin) dan Cydim Super® (36 g Cypermethrin + 400 g Dimethoate setiap liter), menggunakan kaedah pencelupan diubah suai dan tahap aktiviti karboksilesterase mereka telah diuji. Nilai LC₅₀ populasi B. tabaci bagi racun serangga didapati rendah, masing masing antara 0.12-0.55 mL/L dan 0.07-0.36 mL/L untuk Karate® dan Cydim Super®. Terdapat satu variasi luas bagi tahap aktiviti karboksilesterase bilangan serangga dengan tahap paling tinggi direkodkan dalam beberapa populasi. Ketinggian tahap aktiviti ini menggambarkan impak negatif pada masa hadapan tentang cara pengurusan bena putih. Kajian ini memberikan maklumat asas tentang kerentanan racun serangga dan karboksilesterase oleh populasi bena putih di kawasan ini bertujuan untuk memantau keboleh-rentanan racun serangga pada masa akan datang.

Kata kunci: Bemisia tabaci; karboksilesterase; kerentanan; racun serangga; sayur-sayuran

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*Corresponding author; email: wintuma@live.com