Sains Malaysiana 43(1)(2014): 89–94

 

Production of Major Mycotoxins by Fusarium Species Isolated  from

Wild Grasses in Peninsular Malaysia

(Penghasilan Mikotoksin Utama oleh Spesies Fusarium yang Dipencilkan daripada Rumput

Liar di Semenanjung Malaysia)

 

I. NOR AZLIZA, R. HAFIZI, M. NURHAZRATI & B. SALLEH*

School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Minden,

Penang, Malaysia

 

Received: 11 September 2012/Accepted: 19 April 2013

 

ABSTRACT

The Fusarium species are notoriously known for causing various plants and animal diseases and producing a number of harmful mycotoxins. The mycotoxins production by species recovered from non-agricultural hosts such as wild grasses have hitherto never been given attention. We examined 30 strains representing 12 Fusarium species i.e. F. oxysporum, F. solani, F. semitectum, F. nelsonii, F. compactum, F. equiseti, F. chlamydosporum, F. proliferatum, F. subglutinans, F. sacchari, F. lateritium and F. incarnatum-equiseti species complex isolated from wild grasses in Peninsular Malaysia for the production of four major mycotoxins i.e. moniliformin (MON), fumonisin B1 (FB1), zearalenone (ZEN) and beauvericin (BEA) using TLC and HPLC techniques. BEA was the highest frequency of mycotoxin detected, followed by MON, ZEN and FB1. This study also presented the first report of BEA production by F. solani, F. compactum and F. chlamydosporum. All mycotoxins were not produced by F. nelsonii and F. lateritium. All Fusarium species were isolated from asymptomatic grasses, hence they are likely to exist as endophytes or latent pathogens.

 

Keywords: Fusarium; grasses; mycotoxins; Peninsular Malaysia

 

ABSTRAK

Spesies Fusarium dikenali sebagai penyebab pelbagai penyakit tumbuhan dan haiwan serta menghasilkan beberapa mikotoksin yang berbahaya. Penghasilan mikotoksin oleh spesies yang dipencilkan daripada perumah bukan pertanian seperti rumput liar, sehingga kini tidak pernah diberi perhatian. Kami memeriksa 30 strain mewakili 12 spesies Fusarium iaitu F. oxysporum, F. solani, F. semitectum, F. nelsonii, F. compactum, F. equiseti, F. chlamydosporum, F. proliferatum, F. subglutinans, F. sacchari, F. lateritium dan F. incarnatum-equiseti kompleks spesies yang dipencilkan daripada rumput liar di Semenanjung Malaysia untuk penghasilan empat mikotoksin utama iaitu moniliformin (MON), fumonisin B1 (FB1), zearalenon (ZEN) dan beauvericin (BEA) menggunakan teknik kromatografi lapisan nipis (TLC) dan kromatografi cecair berprestasi tinggi (HPLC). BEA merupakan mikotoksin yang paling kerap dikesan, diikuti oleh MON, ZEN dan FB1. Kajian ini juga merupakan laporan pertama penghasilan BEA oleh F. solani, F. compactum dan F. chlamydosporum. Kesemua mikotoksin tidak dihasilkan oleh F. nelsonii dan F. lateritium. Semua spesies Fusarium tersebut dipencilkan daripada rumput yang tidak menunjukkan gejala penyakit, maka ia mungkin wujud sebagai endofit atau patogen pendam.

 

Kata kunci: Fusarium; mikotoksin; rumput; Semenanjung Malaysia

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*Corresponding author; email: sallehb@usm.my