Sains Malaysiana 43(4)(2014): 529–534

Trace Metals in Thais clavigera along Coastal Waters of the East Coast of Peninsular Malaysia

(Logam Surih dalam Thais clavigera di Sepanjang Perairan Pantai, Pantai Timur, Semenanjung Malaysia)

FUAD MOHD MISKON¹, NOOR AZHAR MOHD SHAZILI², FARIDAH MOHAMMAD³& KAMARUZZAMAN YUNUS⁴*

¹Institute of Oceanography and Maritime Studies, Kuliyyah of Science

International Islamic University Malaysia, 25200 Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia

²Faculty of Maritime Studies and Marine Science, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu

21030 Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu, Malaysia

³Department of Biological Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu, Malaysia

⁴Kuliyyah of Science, International Islamic University Malaysia, 25200 Kuantan, Pahang

Malaysia

Received: 1 April 2013/Accepted: 2 August 2013

ABSTRACT

The selected trace metals in the soft tissue of Thais clavigera from 11 sampling sites along the coastal waters of the east coast of Peninsular Malaysia were studied. Significant inter-spatial variations in trace metals were recorded. Sites with relatively high concentrations of the contaminant metals Hg, Cd, Pb and Zn are correlated to their close proximity to industrial and urban sites or to boating and aquaculture activities. This could possibly be contributed by the highly growth of industrial activities like port and sewage release. Interspatial comparison with previous studies indicated lower measurement. Meanwhile, comparison with other studies around the world also designated lower values except for Zn. The metal accumulation patterns indicated an enrichment of essential metals over non-essential metals. Comparison of metal concentration with maximum permissible limits of toxic metals in food established in different countries, as well as Malaysian Food Act 1983 and Food Regulations 1985 Fourteen Schedule, indicated the values were well within safety levels.

Keywords: Coastal waters of the east coast of Peninsular Malaysia; food safety level; heavy metals; Thais clavigera

ABSTRAK

Logam surih yang terpilih dalam tisu badan Thais clavigera di 11 lokasi persampelan di sepanjang pantai timur Semenanjung Malaysia telah dikaji. Perbezaan logam surih yang signifikan antara lokasi telah direkod. Lokasi yang secara relatifnya mempunyai kepekatan logam Hg, Cd, Pb dan Zn tercemar yang tinggi adalah berhubung kait dengan lokasi kawasan tersebut sama ada berdekatan dengan kawasan industri dan perbandaran atau aktiviti perkapalan dan akuakultur. Ini berkemungkinan disumbangkan oleh pertumbuhan tinggi dan aktiviti pengindustrian seperti pelabuhan dan pelepasan sisa. Perbandingan antara lokasi dengan kajian pada masa lepas menunjukkan nilai yang rendah. Sementara itu, perbandingan dengan kajian lain di seluruh dunia juga menunjukkan nilai yang rendah kecuali Zn. Corak pengumpulan logam menunjukkan pengkayaan logam perlu ke atas logam bukan penting. Perbandingan kepekatan logam dengan paras logam toksik maksimum yang dibenarkan di dalam makanan yang digubal di beberapa negara, serta Akta Makanan Malaysia 1983 dan Peraturan Makanan 1985 Jadual Empat Belas, menunjukkan bahawa nilai di dalam kajian masih di bawah paras selamat.

Kata kunci: Logam berat; paras keselamatan makanan; perairan pantai Pantai Timur Semenanjung Malaysia; Thais clavigera

REFERENCES

Abdullah, A.R., Tahir, N.M., Tong, S.L., Hoque, T.M. & Sulaiman, A.H. 1999. The GEF/UNDP/IMO Malacca Straits demonstration project: Sources of pollution. Marine Pollution Bulletin 39: 229-233.

ABIA (Brazilian Association of Food Industries). 1991. Acts of the Ministry of Health: Compendium of food legislation.

Amin, B., Ismail, A., Arshad, A., Yap, C.K. & Kamarudin, M.S. 2006. A comparative study of heavy metal concentrations Nerita lineata from the intertidal zone between Dumai, Indonesia and Johor, Malaysia. Journal of Coastal Development 10: 19-32.

Australian Government 2006. The MRL Standard. Canberra, Australia: Australian Government Publishing Service.

Blackmore, G. 2000. Field evidence of metal transfer from invertebrate prey to an intertidal predator, Thais clavigera (Gastropoda: Muricidae). Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science 51(2): 127-139.

Blackmore, G. 2001. Interspecific variation in heavy metal body concentrations in Hong Kong marine invertebrates. Environmental Pollution 114(3): 303-311.

Blackmore, G. & Morton, B. 2001. The interpretation of body trace metal concentrations in Neogastropods from Hong Kong. Marine Pollution Bulletin 42(11): 1161-1168.

EC (European Commission). 2006. Setting maximum levels for certain contaminants in foodstuffs. Official Journal of the European Union, L 364/5 of 20 December 2006.

Chan, K.M., Leung, K.M.Y., Cheung, K.C., Wong, M.H. & Qiu, J-W. 2008. Seasonal changes in imposex and tissue burden of butyltin compounds in Thais clavigera populations along the coastal area of Mirs Bay, China. Marine Pollution Bulletin 57: 645-651.

Cheung, M.S. & Wang, W-X. 2008. Analyzing biomagnification of metals in different marine food webs using nitrogen isotopes. Marine Pollution Bulletin 56(12): 2082-2088.

FSANZ (Food Standards Australia New Zealand). 1996. Anstat Pty. Ltd. Australia.

Goldberg, E.D. 1978. The mussel watch - A first step in global marine monitoring. Marine Pollution Bulletin 6(7): 111-114.

Hamed, M.A. & Emara, A.M. 2006. Marine molluscs as biomonitors for heavy metal levels in the Gulf of Suez, Red Sea. Journal of Marine Systems 60(3-4): 220-234.

Han, B-C., Jeng, W-L., Hung, T-C. & Wen, M-Y. 1996. Relationship between copper speciation in sediments and bioaccumulation by marine bivalves of Taiwan. Environmental Pollution 91(1): 35-39.

Han, B.C., Jeng, W.L., Jeng, M.S., Kao, L.T., Meng, P.J. & Huang, Y.L. 1997. Rock shell (Thais clavigera) as an indicator of As, Cu and Zn contamination on the Putai Coast of the Black-foot Disease area in Taiwan. Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 32: 456-461.

HKEPD (Hong Kong Environmental Protection Department). 1997. Marine Water Quality in Hong Kong. Hong Kong: Government Printer.

Hung, T-C., Hsu, W-K., Mang, P-J. & Chuang, A. 2001. Organotins and imposex in the rock shell, Thais clavigera, from oyster mariculture areas in Taiwan. Environmental Pollution 112: 145-152.

Jeng, M-S., Jeng, W-L., Hung, T-C., Yeh, C-Y., Tseng, R-J., Meng, P-J. & Han, B-C. 2000. Mussel Watch: A review of Cu and other metals in various marine organisms in Taiwan, 1991- 1998. Environmental Pollution 110(2): 207-215.

Jolley, D.F., Maher, W.A. & Kyd, J. 2004. Selenium accumulation in the cockle Anadara trapezia. Environmental Pollution 132: 203-212.

Malaysian Food Regulation. 1985. Fourteenth Schedule. Malaysian Law on Food and Drugs. Kuala Lumpur: Malaysian Law Publishers.

Mashitah, S.M., Shazili, N.A.M. & Rashid, M.K.A. 2012. Elemental concentrations in brown seaweed, Padina sp. along the east coast of Peninsular Malaysia. Aquatic Ecosystem Health and Management 15(3): 267-278.

MPHT (Ministry of Public Health and Medical Research Council). 1986. Residues in Foods, Part 23. Bangkok, Thailand: The Government Gazette. 103: 1123-1124.

Rainbow, P.S. 2002. Trace metal concentrations in aquatic invertebrates: why and so what? Environmental Pollution 120(3): 497-507.

Shazili, N.A.M., Azlisham, M. & Vedamanikam, V.J. 2009. Concentrations of cadmium, manganese, copper, zinc and lead in the tissues of the oyster (Crassostrea iradalei) obtained from Setiu Lagoon, Terengganu, Malaysia. Toxicological & Environmental Chemistry 91(2): 251-258.

Shazili, N.A., Mohd Lokman, H., Mohd Kamil, A.R., Yaakob, R., Shamsuddin, A.A. & Razali, M.S. 1995. Trace metal contents in the fish and bivalves from East Coast Malaysia. International Seminar on Marine Fisheries Environment, Thailand. pp. 199-208.

Thomson, E.A., Luoma, S.N., Johansson, C.E. & Cain, D.J. 1984. Comparison of sediments and organisms in identifying sources of biologically available trace metal contamination. Water Research 18: 755-765.

USFDA (Food & Drug Administration of the United States), 1990. US Food and Drug Administration Shellfish Sanitation branch, Washington, DC.

Wang, X., Fang, C., Hong, H. & Wang, W-X. 2010. Gender differences in TBT accumulation and transformation in T. clavigera after aqueous and dietary exposure. Aquatic Toxicology 99: 413-422.

Yap, C.K., Mohd Ruszaidi, S. & Cheng, W.H. 2010. Different tissues of rock oyster Saccostrea cucullata as biomonitors of trace metal bioavailabilities in the Penang coastal waters, Malaysia. Research Journal of Chemistry and Environment 14(3): 17-21.

Zhou, Q., Zhang, J., Fu, J., Shi, J. & Jiang, G. 2008.  Biomonitoring: An appealing tool for assessment of metal pollution in the aquatic ecosystem. Analytica Chimica Acta 606(2): 135-150.

*Corresponding author; email: kama@iium.edu.my