Sains Malaysiana 43(9)(2014): 1397–1403

Water Hyacinth Bioremediation for Ceramic Industry Wastewater Treatment-

Application of Rhizofiltration System

(Biopemulihan Keladi Bunting untuk Industri Air Sisa Seramik Aplikasi Perawatan Sistem Rizoturasan)

SITI HANNA ELIAS¹, MAKETAB MOHAMED², AZNAH NOR-ANUAR², KHALIDA MUDA², MOHD ARIF HAKIMI MAT HASSAN¹, MOHD. NOR OTHMAN² & SHREESHIVADASAN CHELLIAPAN³

¹Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Civil Engineering

Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia

²Institute of Environment and Water Resource Management (IPASA)

Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Skudai, Johor, Malaysia

³UTM Razak School of Engineering and Advanced Technology, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Jalan Semarak, 54100 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

Received: 28 June 2013/Accepted: 31 January 2014

ABSTRACT

In the present study, capability of water hyacinth in removing heavy metals such as Cadmium (Cd), Chromium (Cr), Copper (Cu), Zinc (Zn), Iron (Fe), and Boron (B) in ceramic wastewater was investigated. The metal removal efficiency was identified by evaluating the translocation of metals in roots, leaves and shoot of water hyacinth. The heavy metal removal efficiency followed the order Fe>Zn>Cd>Cu>Cr>B during the treatment process. Water hyacinth had luxury consumption of those 6 elements. This study used the circulation system with 3 columns of plants which functioned as bioremediation of the sample. The concentration of metals in roots is much higher 10 times than leaves and stems. Roots give the result of metalR>metalL. The removal concentration from water hyacinth was estimated under pH of 8.21 to 8.49. This study proves water hyacinth to be a best plant for phytoremediation process.

Keywords: Ceramic wastewater; heavy metal removal; rhizofiltration; water hyacinth

ABSTRAK

Dalam kajian ini, keupayaan keladi bunting dalam mengeluarkan logam berat seperti Kadmium (Cd), Kromium (Cr), Copper (Cu), zink (Zn), mangan (Mn), besi (Fe) dan Boron (B) dalam air sisa seramik telah dikaji. Kecekapan penyingkiran logam telah dikenal pasti dengan menilai translokasi logam dalam akar, daun dan pucuk keladi bunting. Kecekapan penyingkiran logam berat diikuti dengan susunan Fe>Zn>Cd>Cu>Cr>B semasa proses rawatan. Keladi bunting mempunyai penyerapan terbesar terhadap 6 elemen ini. Kajian ini menggunakan sistem peredaran dengan 3 bahagian tumbuh-tumbuhan yang berfungsi sebagai biopemulihan sampel. Kepekatan logam dalam akar adalah lebih tinggi 10 kali ganda daripada daun dan batang. Akar memberikan hasil metalR>metalL. Kepekatan penyingkiran logam daripada keladi bunting dianggarkan di bawah pH8,21-8,49. Kajian ini membuktikan air gondok menjadi komponen terbaik untuk proses fitopemulihan.

Kata kunci: Air sisa seramik; keladi bunting; penyingkiran logam berat; rizoturasan

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*Corresponding author; email: hansz_el@yahoo.com