Sains Malaysiana 44(10)(2015): 1431–1439

Effect of 2,4-D on Growth, Yield and Quality of Wax Apple (Syzygium samarangense,

(Blume) Merrill & L.M. Perry cv. Jambu Madu) Fruits

(Kesan 2,4-D ke atas Pertumbuhan, Hasil dan Kualiti Buah Syzygium samarangense,

(Blume) Merrill & L.M. Perry cv. Jambu Madu)

MOHAMMAD MONERUZZAMAN KHANDAKER¹*, NORMANIZA OSMAN², ABM SHARIF HOSSAIN³, GOLAM FARUQ² & AMRU NASRULHAQ BOYCE²

¹School of Agriculture Science and Biotechnology, Faculty of Bioresources and Food Industry

Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Tembila Campus, 22200 Besut, Terengganu, Malaysia

²Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

³Biotechnology Program, Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Hail, Hail, KSA

Received: 18 December 2013/Accepted: 16 June 2015

ABSTRACT

In this study, we investigated the effects of 2,4-Dichlorophenoxy acetic acid (2,4-D) treatment on selected physiological parameters and fruit quality of wax apple fruits under field conditions. Foliar spray of 2,4-D at 0, 5, 10 and 20 mg L-1 concentrations were used from bud stage to the 3rd week of fruit development. Physiological parameters determined included net photosynthesis, stomatal conductivity, chlorophyll content and chlorophyll fluorescence. Net photosynthetic rate and photosynthetic efficiency via chlorophyll fluorescence significantly (p≤0.05) increased with 5 and 10 mg L-1 2, 4-D treatments. Furthermore, 5 mg L-1 2,4-D reduced bud and fruit drop, increased fruit weight and dry matter content in leaves. An improved fruit set, enhanced fruit growth, faster color development and advanced maturity were also recorded in treated plants. In addition, fruit yield increased by 39 and 48% with 5 and 10 mg L-1 2,4-D treatments, respectively. Fruit K+ content, total sugar, protein content and chalcone synthase (CHS) activities increased with 2,4-D treatments. Increased leaf soluble protein and elevated sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS) activity were also observed in 5 mg L-1 treated plants. Positive correlation between photosynthesis rate and SPS activity of leaves (R2=0.98) and between CHS activity and color development of fruits (R2=0.98) were recorded in 5 mg L-1 treatments. The results also suggested that 5 and 10 mg L-1 2,4-D treatments are promising for enhancing plant productivity and fruit quality in wax apple trees under field conditions.

Keywords: Development; fruit; quality; yield; wax apple; 2,4-D

ABSTRAK

Dalam penyelidikan ini, kami mengkaji kesan aplikasi 2,4-Dichlorophenoxy asid asetik (2,4-D) pada parameter fisiologi yang dipilih dan kualiti buah jambu madu di bawah keadaan ladang. Semburan foliar 2,4-D dengan kepekatan 0, 5, 10 dan 20 mg L-1 digunakan pada peringkat putik hingga ke minggu ke-3 pembentukan buah. Parameter fisiologi yang ditentukan termasuk fotosintesis bersih, kekonduksian stomata, kandungan klorofil dan klorofil pendarfluor. Kadar fotosintesis bersih dan kecekapan fotosintesis melalui klorofil pendarfluor meningkat dengan ketara (p≤0.05) dengan rawatan 5 dan 10 mg L-1 2,4-D. Tambahan pula, rawatan 5 mg L-1 2,4-D mengurangkan keluruhan putik dan buah dan meningkatkan berat buah dan kandungan bahan kering dalam daun. Set buah yang ditambah baik, pertumbuhan yang dipertingkatkan, pembangunan warna yang lebih cepat dan kematangan yang maju juga dicatatkan bagi tumbuhan yang dirawat. Di samping itu, penghasilan buah telah meningkat sebanyak 39 dan 48% dengan rawatan masing-masing 5 dan 10 mg L-1 2,4- D. Kandungan K+, jumlah gula, kandungan protein dan aktiviti kalkon sintase (CHS) dalam buah meningkat dengan rawatan 2,4-D. Peningkatan protein larut daun dan aktiviti sukrosa fosfat sintase (SPS) juga diperhatikan dalam 5 mg L-1 tumbuhan yang dirawat. Hubungan positif antara kadar fotosintesis dan aktiviti SPS daun (R2=0.96) serta antara aktiviti CHS dan pembangunan warna buah (R2=0.98) dicatatkan dalam rawatan 5 mg L-1. Keputusan menunjukkan bahawa rawatan 5 dan 10 mg L-1 2,4- D menjanjikan keadaan peningkatan produktiviti tanaman dan kualiti buah dalam jambu madu dalam ladang.

Kata kunci: Buah; hasil; jambu madu; kualiti; pertumbuhan; 2,4-D

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*Corresponding author, email: moneruzzaman@unisza.edu.my