Sains Malaysiana 44(12)(2015): 1671–1676

Performance Comparison of Serum and Urine Biomarkers from Independent Samples for Ovarian Cancer Screening

(Perbandingan Prestasi Serum dan Penanda Biologi Urin daripada Sampel Bebas untuk Saringan Kanser Ovari)

HYE-JEONG SONG^1,3, KI-SEOK JEONG^2,3, JONG-DAE KIM^1,3, CHAN-YOUNG PARK^1,3 & YU-SEOP KIM*^1,3

¹Department of Ubiquitous Computing, Hallym University, 1 Hallymdaehak-gil, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do 200-702, Korea

²Department of Computer Engineering, Hallym University, 1 Hallymdaehak-gil, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do 200-702, Korea

³Bio IT Research Center, Hallym University, 1 Hallymdaehak-gil, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do 200-702, Korea

Received: 2 September 2014/Accepted: 23 June 2015

ABSTRACT

This study compares the diagnostic performance of urine and serum multiple biomarkers for early diagnosis of ovarian cancer. The sample population includes 119 benign and 101 ovarian cancer patients. The marker combinations used to compare performance include 16 markers whose concentration values were obtained using the Luminex assay. In order to identify an optimal marker combination that could classify ovarian cancer and benign patients, the area under the curve (AUC) is used to evaluate 2-, 3-, and 4-marker combinations and the classification is performed by using logistic regression. In the case of urine samples, the best AUC values are 87.89% for the 2 protein markers combination, 90.22% for the 3 markers combination and 92.43% for the 4 marker combination. In contrast, the best AUC values for serum sample are 92.4% for the 2 marker combination, 93.63% for the 3 marker combination and 94.63% for the 4 marker combination. This study confirmed that combining multiple biomarkers could improve diagnostic accuracy. Even though urine sample shows relatively lower performance than serum, the urine could be utilized more widely for its simple usability.

Keywords: Biomarker; ovarian cancer; serum; urine

ABSTRAK

Kajian ini membandingkan prestasi diagnostik air kencing dan beberapa penanda biologi serum untuk diagnosis awal kanser ovari. Gabungan penanda digunakan untuk membandingkan prestasi 16 penanda dan nilai kepekatan diperoleh dengan menggunakan logam penguji Luminex. Untuk menentukan gabungan penanda optimum yang boleh mengenal pasti kanser ovari dan pesakit biasa, luas di bawah lengkungan (AUC) digunakan untuk menilai kombinasi penanda 2-, 3- dan 4-. Pengelasan dijalankan dengan menggunakan regresi logistik. Dalam kes sampel air kencing, nilai AUC yang terbaik adalah 87.89% untuk 2 kombinasi penanda protein, 90.22% untuk 3 kombinasi penanda dan 92.43% untuk 4 kombinasi penanda. Sebaliknya, nilai AUC yang terbaik untuk sampel serum adalah 92.4% untuk 2 kombinasi penanda, 93.63% untuk 3 kombinasi penanda dan 94.63% untuk 4 kombinasi penanda. Kajian ini mengesahkan bahawa gabungan beberapa penanda biologi boleh meningkatkan ketepatan diagnostik. Walaupun sampel air kencing menunjukkan prestasi yang agak rendah daripada serum, air kencing boleh digunakan dengan lebih meluas untuk kebolehgunaan yang mudah.

Kata kunci: Air kencing; kanser ovari; penanda biologi; serum

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*Corresponding author; email: yskim01@hallym.ac.kr