Sains Malaysiana 44(1)(2015): 25–30

Varietal Response of Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) Towards the Allelopathy of

Different Weeds

(Respons Varieti Kacang Kuda (Cicer arietinum L.) kepada Alelopati Rumpai yang Berbeza)

RAHAMDAD KHAN* & IJAZ AHMAD KHAN

Department of Weed Science, The University of Agriculture, Peshawar, Pakistan

Received: 29 October 2013/Accepted: 12 June 2014

ABSTRACT

In a laboratory trial three chickpea varieties viz, Karak-I, Karak-III and Shenghar were tested against the phytotoxicity of five weed species: Parthenium hysterophorus L., Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin., Datura alba L., Cyperus rotundus L. and Convolvulus arvensis L.in January 2013. The weed extracts were prepared at the rate of 120 g/L (w/v) after shade dry. The results indicated highly significant inhibitory effect of all the tested weed species on the chickpea varieties. The results also showed that the chickpea variety Karak-III was more susceptible to the phytotoxcity of the tested weed extracts. Among the extract, C. arvensis proved much toxic in term of inhibition of germination by giving only 43.33% germination in comparison with control where 97.50% germination was recorded. On the other hand, the effect of P. australis extract was found a little stimulator by speeding the seed germination in all varieties and giving a low (2.21) mean germination time (MGT) value. From the current results it can be concluded that the infestation of C. arvensis can pollute the soil by accumulating toxic chemicals that leads to the germination failure and growth suppression in chickpea. Therefore, the prevention and removal of C. arvensis in the chickpea growing areas could be recommended. In addition, P. australis must be tested against chickpea weeds (chickpea varieties withstand against its phytotoxcity), so that it can be popularized as bioherbicide in chickpea if it gave promising results in controlling chickpea weeds.

Keywords: Allelopathy; chickpea; germination; Parthenium; weeds

ABSTRAK

Tiga varieti kacang kuda iaitu, Karak-I, Karak-III dan Shenghar telah diuji dalam makmal rintis terhadap fitoketoksikan lima spesies rumpai: Parthenium hysterophorus L., Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin., Datura alba L., Cyperus rotundus L. dan Convolvulus arvensis L. pada bulan Januari 2013. Ekstrak rumpai telah disediakan pada kadar 120 g/L (w/v) selepas diteduh kering. Keputusan menunjukkan kesan rencat yang ketara daripada semua spesies rumpai yang diuji dengan pelbagai jenis kacang kuda. Keputusan juga menunjukkan bahawa kacang kuda jenis Karak-III adalah lebih terdedah kepada fitoketoksikan ekstrak rumpai yang diuji. Antara ekstrak, C. arvensis terbukti mempunyai banyak toksik daripada segi perencatan percambahan dengan memberi 43.33% percambahan berbanding kawalan dengan 97.50% percambahan direkod. Sebaliknya, kesan ekstrak P. australis didapati memberi sedikit perangsang dengan mempercepatkan percambahan biji benih dalam semua varieti dan memberi nilai masa (MGT) (2.21) percambahan min yang rendah. Daripada keputusan ini, dapat disimpulkan bahawa serangan daripada C. arvensis boleh mencemarkan tanah dengan toksik kimia terkumpul yang membawa kepada kegagalan percambahan dan penindasan pertumbuhan kacang kuda. Oleh itu, pencegahan dan penghapusan C. arvensis di kawasan penanaman kacang kuda boleh disyorkan. Disamping itu, P. australis mesti diuji terhadap rumpai kacang kuda (varieti kacang kuda menentang fitoketoksikannya), supaya ia boleh dipopularkan sebagai racun herba biologi kacang kuda jika ia memberikan keputusan yang memberangsangkan dalam kawalan rumpai kacang kuda.

Kata kunci: Alelopati; kacang kuda; percambahan; Parthenium; rumpai

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*Corresponding author; email: weedscientist@aup.edu.pk