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Sains Malaysiana 44(1)(2015):
91–99
Assessment of Heavy Metal in Self-caught Saltwater Fish from
Port Dickson
Coastal Water (Malaysia)
(Penilaian Logam Berat bagi Ikan Air Masin yang Ditangkap dari
Perairan Port Dickson (Malaysia)
SARVA MANGALA PRAVEENA* & CARYN LIEW SUET LIN
Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Faculty
of Medicine and Health Sciences
Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor Darul
Ehsan,Malaysia
Received: 12 July 2013/Accepted: 4 July 2014
ABSTRACT
Freshwater fish has been studied and reported numerously. However,
little attention has been made and limited studies available on local marine
fish in Malaysia. Thus, in this study, concentrations of heavy metals (Cd, Cr,
Pb and Cu) were studied in four major local marine fish Megalaspis cordyla (hardtail scad), Rastrelliger
kanagurta (Indian mackerel), Selaroides leptolepis (yellowstripe
scad) and Sardinella fimbriata (fringescale sardinella). The study was
also intended to estimate potential health risk assessment from these heavy
metals to the consumption of fish and assess maximum allowable fish consumption
rate. The range of heavy metal concentrations were 0.053-0.096 mg/kg for Cd,
1.16-2.34 mg/kg for Cr, 8.34-12.44 mg/kg for Pb and 1.40-3.21 mg/kg for Cu in
four major self-caught saltwater fish. Heavy metal levels of Cd and Cu in the
local marine fish from Port Dickson are below the limit enforced by Food
Regulations (1985) while the levels of Cr and Pb have exceeded the limit.
Potential health risks associated with Cd, Cr, Cu and Pb were assessed based on
target hazard quotients. HQ values calculated for Cd, Cr and Cu were
less than 1, thus indicate that no adverse effects while HQ values for Pb exceeded
1 for all the fish species assessed with the exception of Megalaspis spp
and Sardinella sppa. Cr was the highest while Pb concentrations were the
lowest in all the studied fish samples for maximum allowable fish consumption
rate. A long term monitoring program is crucial to be done in coastal areas
with high consumption of local marine fish along Port Dickson to obtain real
consumption rates and other cofounders factors in local population.
Keywords: Fish; health risks; heavy metal; marine
ABSTRAK
Ikan air tawar telah banyak dikaji dan dilaporkan. Akan tetapi
sedikit tumpuan diberikan kepada ikan air masin tempatan. Oleh itu,
penyelidikan ini mengkaji kepekatan logam berat (Cd, Cr, Pb dan Cu) dalam empat
ikan air masin utama seperti Megalaspis cordyla (cencaru), Rastrelliger kanagurta (ikan
kembung), Selaroides leptolepis (selayang jalur kuning) dan Sardinella
fimbriata (fringescale sardinella). Kajian ini juga bertujuan untuk
menganggarkan potensi penilaian risiko kesihatan daripada logam berat kepada
penggunaan ikan dan menilai kadar pemakanan ikan maksima. Julat kepekatan logam
berat adalah 0,053-0,096 mg/kg bagi Cd, 1,16-2,34 mg/kg bagi Cr, 8,34-12,44
mg/kg bagi Pb dan 1,40-3,21 mg/kg bagi Cu dalam empat ikan air masin utama yang
ditangkap sendiri. Tahap logam berat Cd dan Cu dalam ikan air masin dari Port
Dickson adalah di bawah had yang dikuatkuasakan oleh Peraturan-Peraturan
Makanan (1985) manakala tahap Cr dan Pb telah melebihi had tersebut. Potensi
risiko kesihatan yang berkaitan dengan Cd, Cr, Cu dan Pb dinilai berdasarkan
nisbah mudarat (HQ) yang ditetapkan. Nilai HQ yang dikira bagi Cd,
Cr dan Cu adalah kurang daripada 1, sekaligus menunjukkan bahawa tiada kesan
buruk manakala nilai HQ untuk Pb melebihi 1 untuk semua spesies
ikan yang dinilai kecuali Megalaspis spp dan Sardinella spp. Cr
adalah yang tertinggi manakala kepekatan Pb adalah yang paling rendah dalam
semua sampel ikan yang dikaji untuk dibenarkan bagi kadar pemakanan ikan
maksima. Satu program pemantauan jangka panjang adalah penting di kawasan
pantai melibatkan ikan air masin di sepanjang perairan Port Dickson untuk
mendapatkan kadar penggunaan sebenar serta faktor tambahan yang mempengaruhi
kesihatan penduduk tempatan.
Kata kunci: Ikan; logam
berat; marin; risiko kesihatan
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*Corresponding author; email: smpraveena@gmail.com
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