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Sains Malaysiana 44(2)(2015): 281–290
An Optimization Study for
Transesterification of Palm Oil using Response Surface Methodology (RSM)
(Suatu Kajian Pengoptimuman bagi Transesterifikasi Minyak Sawit Menggunakan Kaedah Gerak Balas Permukaan (RSM))
Y.C. WONG, Y.P. TAN*, Y.H. TAUFIQ-YAP & I. RAMLI
Centre of Excellence
for Catalysis Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia
43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
Department of
Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra
Malaysia
43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
Received: 22 November
2013/Accepted: 8 August 2014
ABSTRACT
Biodiesel was
produced via transesterification of palm oil with methanol in the presence of
CaO-Nb2O5 mixed oxide catalyst. Response surface methodology (RSM) with central
composite design (CCD)
was performed to determine the optimum operating conditions and to optimize the
biodiesel yield. In this study, the reaction variables being optimized were
reaction time, catalyst loading and methanol to oil molar ratio. From the
analysis of variance (ANOVA),
the most influential parameter on biodiesel production was reaction time. The
predicted yield was found in good agreement with the experimental value, with R2= 0.9902. The optimum
biodiesel yield of 97.67% was achieved at 2.67 h reaction time, with 3.60 wt. %
of catalyst and with methanol to oil molar ratio of 13.04. The high biodiesel
yield can be correlated to the synergic effect of basicity between the metallic
ions of CaO-Nb2O5 shown in the physicochemical analysis.
Keywords: Biodiesel;
optimization; palm oil; RSM;
transesterification
ABSTRAK
Biodiesel
telah dihasilkan
melalui transesterifikasi minyak sawit dengan
metanol dan kehadiran pemangkin oksida bercampur CaO-Nb2O5. Kaedah gerak balas permukaan
(RSM) dengan
pusat reka
bentuk komposit (CCD)
telah dijalankan
untuk menentukan keadaan operasi optimum dan mengoptimumkan hasil biodiesel. Dalam kajian
ini, pemboleh
ubah tindak balas yang dioptimumkan ialah masa tindak balas, pembebanan
pemangkin dan nisbah molar metanol kepada minyak.
Daripada
analisis varians (ANOVA),
parameter yang paling berpengaruh dalam
penghasilan biodiesel adalah masa tindak
balas. Hasil yang diramalkan adalah bersamaan dengan nilai eksperimen,
dengan R2=
0.9902. Hasil optimum biodiesel sebanyak
97.67% dicapai pada masa tindak balas 2.67 h dengan 3.60 wt.
% pemangkin dan nisbah
molar metanol kepada minyak 13.04. Hasil biodiesel yang tinggi boleh dikaitkan dengan kesan sinergi
kebesan antara
ion logam CaO-Nb2O5
seperti yang ditunjukkan
dalam analisis
fisikokimia.
Kata kunci: Biodiesel; minyak sawit; pengoptimuman; RSM; transesterikasi
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*Corresponding author; email: typ@upm.edu.my
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