Sains Malaysiana 44(4)(2015): 537–543

Effects of Dietary Protein Level on Growth and Ammonia Excretion of Leopard Coral Grouper, Plectropomus leopardus (Lacepede, 1802)

(Kesan Pemakanan Tahap Protein terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Perkumuhan Amonia

pada Kerapu Bara Plectropomus leopardus (Lacepede, 1802))

S. XIA¹, Z. SUN¹*, S. FENG¹, Z. ZHANG², M.M. RAHMAN^3,4 & M. RAJKUMAR³

¹Tianjin Fisheries Research Institute, Tianjin 300221, P.R. China

²Tianjin Fisheries Technology Promotion Station, Tianjin 300221, P.R. China

³Institute of Oceanography and Maritime Studies, International Islamic University Malaysia

Kg. Cherok Paloh, 26160 Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia

⁴Department of Marine Science, Kulliyyah of Science, International Islamic University Malaysia

Jalan Istana, Bandar Indera Mahkota, 25200 Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia

Received: 3 July 2014/Accepted: 25 November 2014

ABSTRACT

The effects of dietary protein level on the growth performance and ammonia excretion of the leopard coral grouper, Plectropomus leopardus were investigated for eight weeks. Fish were fed diets with 40, 45, 50, 55 and 60% crude protein levels in separate recirculating systems. Fish fed with the 50% crude protein containing diet showed the best ingestion rate, which was significantly higher than that found in the other groups. As the dietary protein level increased, the specific growth rate increased significantly and it reached the highest level at 50% crude protein containing diet. Based on the results of all measured parameters 50% protein containing diet was the best among all test diets. The regression equation for dietary protein level versus ammonia excretion indicated that the optimal dietary protein level with the least ammonia excretion was 53.14%. More research is still needed to elucidate the effects of 53.14% crude protein containing diet on the specific growth rate, feed conversion ratio, protein efficiency ratio and ingestion rate of leopard coral grouper before recommending this level. Until then, 50% protein containing diet can be recommended for leopard coral grouper culture in the recirculation system.

Keywords: Ammonia excretion; dietary protein level; Plectropomus leopardus; water quality

ABSTRAK

Kesan tahap protein pemakanan terhadap pertumbuhan dan perkumuhan amonia pada kerapu bara, Plectropomus leopardus telah dikaji selama lapan minggu. Ikan telah diberi makan dengan diet tahap protein mentah 40, 45, 50, 55 dan 60% dalam sistem peredaran air berasingan. Ikan yang diberi makan diet dengan kandungan 50% protein mentah menunjukkan kadar pengambilan terbaik, jauh lebih tinggi daripada yang terdapat di dalam kumpulan-kumpulan lain. Apabila tahap protein dalam diet meningkat, kadar pertumbuhan khusus meningkat dengan ketara dan mencapai tahap tertinggi pada diet yang mengandungi 50% protein mentah. Berdasarkan keputusan semua parameter yang diambil, diet mengandungi 50% protein adalah yang terbaik di antara semua ujian diet. Persamaan regresi untuk tahap protein dalam diet berbanding perkumuhan amonia menunjukkan tahap protein pemakanan yang optimum dengan kurang perkumuhan amonia adalah 53.14%. Lebih banyak kajian perlu dijalankan untuk menjelaskan kesan diet yang mengandungi 53.14% protein mentah terhadap kadar pertumbuhan spesifik, nisbah pertukaran makanan, nisbah kecekapan protein dan kadar pemakanan kerapu bara sebelum ia dapat disyorkan. Sehingga ini, diet yang mengandungi 50% protein dapat disyorkan kepada penternakan kerapu bara dalam sistem peredaran air semula.

Kata kunci: Amonia perkumuhan; kualiti air; Plectropomus leopardus; tahap protein pemakanan

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*Corresponding author; email: profzsun@gmail.com