Sains Malaysiana 44(5)(2015): 663–670

Potensi Makroinvertebrat Bentik Sebagai Penunjuk Biologi di Sungai Ikan, Hulu Terengganu, Terengganu

(Potential Use of Benthic Macroinvertebrate as Biological Indicators in Sungai Ikan, Hulu Terengganu, Terengganu)

A.K. AHMAD*, A. SITI HAFIZAH & M. SHUHAIMI-OTHMAN

Pusat Pengajian Sains Sekitaran & Sumber Alam, Fakulti Sains dan Teknologi, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia

Received: 9 September 2014/Accepted: 24 December 2014

ABSTRAK

Suatu kajian telah dijalankan untuk menentukan potensi makroinvertebrat bentik sebagai penunjuk biologi di hulu Sungai Ikan, Terengganu. Sebanyak lima stesen pensampelan telah dipilih untuk pensampelan makroinvertebrat bentik dan analisis kualiti air. Pensampelan makroinvertebrat bentik telah dilakukan menggunakan jaring Surber dan analisis kualiti air dilakukan menurut kaedah APHA. Piawaian Kualiti Air Kebangsaan (NWQS) telah digunakan untuk menilai parameter kualiti air di kawasan kajian dan hasil menunjukkan Sungai Ikan berada dalam keadaan baik iaitu kelas I hingga II. Ujian ANOVA satu hala menunjukkan bahawa kesemua parameter air yang diuji adalah seragam di sepanjang kawasan kajian (p>0.05, α=0.05). Sebanyak 2 filum, 3 kelas, 8 order, 39 famili dan 1353 individu telah dikenal pasti dan didominasi oleh famili Baetidae, Siphlonuridae, Simuliidae, Chironomidae dan Elmidae. Famili dominan didapati hadir pada hampir kesemua stesen pensampelan. Memandangkan kualiti air adalah baik dan tidak berubah sepanjang kawasan kajian, ujian CCA dilakukan untuk memperlihatkan faktor persekitaran lain yang mempengaruhi sebaran makroinvertebrat terutamanya famili dominan. Hasil ujian CCA menunjukkan pengaruh persekitaran yang khusus terhadap famili tertentu dan mempunyai pengaruh yang kuat terhadap sebaran makroinvertebrat bentik. Ujian korelasi menunjukkan batuan besar mempunyai pengaruh besar terhadap sebaran famili Baetidae, Siphlonuridae dan sub-famili Orthocladiinae, manakala komposisi pasir pula mempunyai pengaruh terhadap famili Elmidae. Hasil kajian ini menunjukkan dalam ekosistem yang bersih, faktor persekitaran habitat adalah kritikal untuk diambil kira dalam menentukan taksa tertentu yang sesuai digunakan sebagai penunjuk biologi ekosistem sungai rekreasi.

Kata kunci: Ekologi air tawar; makroinvertebrat bentik; penunjuk biologi; sungai

ABSTRACT

A study was conducted to distinguish the likely role of benthic macroinvertebrate as biological indicators in Sungai Ikan, Terengganu. A total of five stations were selected for benthic macroinvertebrate and water quality analysis sampling. Benthic macroinvertebrate sampling was done using Surber net and water quality analysis was carried out based on APHA method. National Water Quality Standard (NWQS) was applied to evaluate water quality parameters of Sungai Ikan and the results showed that Sungai Ikan has excellent water quality and falls within the class I to II. The One-way ANOVA test showed most of water quality parameters did not differ significantly throughout the sampling area (p>0.05, α= 0.05). A sum of 2 phyla, 3 classes, 8 orders, 39 families and 1353 individuals were identified and dominated by Baetidae, Siphlonuridae, Simuliidae, Chironomidae and Elmidae. These dominant families were present in almost all sampling stations. As regards to good water quality along the sampling area, the CCA test was conducted to show other environmental factors influencing the benthic macroinvertebrate distribution, particularly the dominant families. CCA results showed distinct environmental influence to certain family and strongly affected the distribution of benthic macroinvertebrate. Based on correlation test, the distribution of Baetidae, Siphlonuridae and Orthocladiinae (Family Chironomidae) were extremely influenced by cobbles, whereas Elmidae distribution was influenced by sand substrate. The results of this study indicate that within pristine ecosystem, environmental factors and habitat characteristics are vital to be accounted for in determining the particular taxa to be used as bioindicator of recreation river ecosystem.

Keywords: Benthic macroinvertebrate; bioindicator; freshwater ecology; river

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*Corresponding author; email: abas@ukm.edu.my