Sains Malaysiana 44(7)(2015): 913–920

Thidiazuron Induces High Frequency Direct Somatic Embryogenesis Growth from Cotyledon Culture of Eurycoma longifolia

(Tidiazuron Merangsang Pertumbuhan Somatik Embriogenesis daripada KulturKotiledon Eurycoma longifolia)

ZAWAWI DHIYA DALILA*, JA’AFAR HAFSAH, ZAINUDDIN ROKIAH, KARI RODZIAH

& MOHD NOOR MADIHAH

Faculty of Bioresources and Food Industry, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Kampus Tembila

22200 Besut, Terengganu Darul Iman, Malaysia

Received: 13 September 2014/Accepted: 5 February 2015

ABSTRACT

Eurycoma longifolia is one of the well-known herbal plants in Southeast Asian region due to its remarkable properties, especially the root part that can be used as aphrodisiac, anti-cancer, anti-malaria and anti-ulcer agent. Uncontrolled harvesting of this plant has reduced its population. Thus, an efficient protocol involving the induction of direct somatic embryogenesis from cotyledon culture of E. longifolia has been developed. 15% explants forming embryos were achieved on Modified Murashige and Skoog’s (MMS) medium supplemented with 0.1 mg/L zeatin plus 0.2 mg/L indole-3-butyric acid (IBA). However, the addition of 0.12 mg/L thidiazuron (TDZ) has increased the percentage up to 22.0%. The maturation phase occurred in the same medium, thus decreased the frequency of subculture and the genetic instability of the embryos. Secondary somatic embryogenesis growth of 20%, which was the highest percentage of growth, was achieved from the primary embryos that were cultured in the MMS medium with the treatment of 2.0 mg/L IBA plus 0.075 mg/L TDZ. The results indicated that the direct somatic embryogenesis obtained can be further used to develop a protocol for plantlet regeneration of E. longifolia.

Keywords: Cotyledon; Eurycoma longifolia; secondary embryogenesis; thidiazuron; zeatin

ABSTRAK

Eurycoma longifolia adalah tumbuhan herba yang terkenal di kawasan Asia Tenggara memandangkan potensinya yang telah dikenal pasti terutamanya bahagian akar untuk mengubati malaria, ulser, kanser dan lemah tenaga batin. Penuaian tumbuhan ini yang dilakukan tanpa kawalan telah menyebabkan populasinya semakin berkurangan. Maka satu protokol cekap melibatkan aruhan secara terus somatik embriogenesis daripada pengkulturan kotiledon E. longifolia telah dijalankan. Pertumbuhan embrio sebanyak 15% telah berjaya dicapai menerusi media pertumbuhan Modified Murashige dan Skoog’s (MMS) yang ditambah 0.1 mg/L zeatin dan 0.2 mg/L indole-3-butyric acid (IBA). Namun, penambahan 0.12 mg/L tidiazuron (TDZ) telah meningkatkan kadar pertumbuhan sehingga 22.0%. Pertumbuhan dan pertukaran embrio somatik ke fasa matang berlaku di dalam media pertumbuhan yang sama, oleh itu ia mengurangkan kekerapan subkultur dan ketidakstabilan genetik embrio tersebut. Pertumbuhan embrio sekunder sebanyak 20.0% iaitu pertumbuhan paling tinggi, telah dicapai daripada embroid primer yang dikulturkan di dalam media pertumbuhan MMS yang ditambah 2.0 mg/L IBA dan 0.075 mg/L TDZ. Keputusan ini menunjukkan pertumbuhan terus embrio somatik yang diperoleh berpotensi untuk diaplikasikan ke peringkat seterusnya dalam mikropropagasi E. longifolia.

Kata kunci: Embrio sekunder; Eurycoma longifolia; kotiledon; tidiazuron; zeatin

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*Corresponding author; email: ddalila@unisza.edu.my