Sains Malaysiana 45(10)(2016): 1469–1476

 

Screening and Production of Polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) by Bacterial Strains Isolated from Rhizosphere Soil of Groundnut plants

(Penyaringan dan Pengeluaran Polihidroksibutirat (PHB) oleh Pencilan Strain Bakteria

daripada Tanah Rizosfera Tumbuhan Kacang Tanah)

 

HALIRU MUSA¹*, BADMUS BASIRAT BOLANLE², FARIZUL HAFIZ KASIM¹

& DACHYAR ARBAIN¹

 

¹School of Bioprocess Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Kompleks Pusat Pengajian,

Jejawi 3, 02600 Arau, Perlis Indera Kayangan, Malaysia

 

²Kwara State Polytechnic, 240001 Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria

 

Received: 22 December 2015/ Accepted: 12 March 2016

ABSTRACT

Polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) otherwise known as bioplastics are biodegradable materials that are accumulated in various microorganisms to serve as carbon and energy reservoirs and regarded as an attractive alternative to petroleum-derived plastics. Although research has been conducted on isolation of PHB-producing microorganisms from different ecological environments, few studies have been carried out on isolation of potential PHB-producing microorganisms from rhizosphere environment of groundnut plants, Arachis hypogaea which can be regarded as a good environment for the isolation of potential PHB-producing microorganisms. In the present study, a total of twenty-one (21) bacterial strains were primarily screened and isolated from rhizosphere soil of a groundnut plant. Four bacterial isolates with maximum PHB-producing potential upon screening using submerged fermentation were selected for further studies. The fermentation pattern of PHB production was studied using different nutrient sources. The influence of agitation on PHB production was also studied. Mannitol stimulated maximum (6.076a mg/mL) PHB production by Bacillus sp. 1; KNO₃ used as a limiting nutrient induced best (5.728a mg/mL) PHB production by Citrobacter sp. and MgSO₄.7H₂O supported maximum (5.972a mg/mL) PHB production in Enterococcus sp. A low agitation speed of 150 rpm was found to support best (5.802a mg/mL) PHB production by Bacillus sp.1. Findings from this study indicated that the isolated bacterial strains have high PHB- producing potential. The need to explore other environment harbouring microbial strains with high PHB-producing potential is paramount to the discovery of bioplastics with improved properties for potential industrial applications.

 

Keywords: Arachis hypogaea; bioplastics; polyhydroxybutyrate; Sudan-Black staining

 

ABSTRAK

Polihidroksibutirat (PHB) atau dikenali sebagai bioplastik adalah bahan terbiodegradasi yang terkumpul di dalam pelbagai mikroorganisma untuk menjadi takungan karbon dan tenaga serta dianggap sebagai alternatif yang menarik kepada plastik daripada petroleum. Walaupun penyelidikan telah dijalankan ke atas pengasingan mikroorganisma penghasilan PHB dari persekitaran ekologi yang berbeza, beberapa kajian yang telah dijalankan ke atas pengasingan mikroorganisma penghasilan PHB yang berpotensi daripada persekitaran rizosfera tumbuhan kacang tanah, Arachis hypogaea boleh dianggap sebagai persekitaran yang baik untuk pengasingan mikroorganisma yang berpotensi menghasilkan PHB. Dalam kajian ini, sejumlah dua puluh satu (21) strain bakteria telah ditapis dan diasingkan dari tanah rizosfera dan tumbuhan kacang tanah. Empat pencilan bakteria dengan potensi maksimum untuk penghasilan PHB melalui penyaringan fermentasi tenggelam telah dipilih untuk kajian lanjut. Corak fermentasi pengeluaran PHB dikaji menggunakan sumber nutrien berbeza. Pengaruh penggoncangan ke atas pengeluaran PHB juga dikaji. Manitol merangsang pengeluaran maksimum PHB (6.076a mg/mL) dengan penggunaan Bacillus sp.1; KNO₃ sebagai penghad nutrien teraruh terbaik (5.728a mg/mL) pengeluaran PHB oleh Citrobacter sp. dan MgSO₄.7H₂O menyokong pengeluaran maksimum PHB (5.972a mg/mL) dalam Enterococcus sp.. Kelajuan penggoncangan yang rendah (150 rpm) dilihat menyokong pengeluaran terbaik PHB (5.802a mg/mL) oleh Bacillus sp.1. Hasil kajian ini menunjukkan bahawa strain bakteria yang dipencil mempunyai potensi tinggi dalam penghasilan PHB. Keperluan untuk meneroka persekitaran lain yang melindungi strain mikrob berpotensi tinggi dalam penghasilan PHB amat penting dalam penemuan bioplastik dengan sifat yang lebih baik untuk aplikasi industri yang berpotensi.

 

Kata kunci: Arachis hypogaea; bioplastic; pewarnaan Sudan-Hitam; polihidroksibutirat

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*Corresponding author; email: Hallyruh@gmail.com