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Sains Malaysiana 45(10)(2016):
1487–1495 Environmental Influences on Fish Assemblages
of the Upper Sungai Pelus, Kuala Kangsar, Perak, Malaysia (Pengaruh Alam Sekitar ke atas Kumpulan
Ikan dari Hulu Sungai Pelus, Kuala Kangsar, Perak, Malaysia) MAT
ESA
MOHD
IKHWANUDDIN1,
MOHAMMAD
NOOR
AZMAI
AMAL*1,
SHAMARINA
SHOHAIMIHASRUL1,
HAZMAN
HASAN2
& NOR ROHAIZAH JAMIL2 1Department of Biology,
Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang,
Selangor Darul
Ehsan, Malaysia 2Department of Environmental
Sciences, Faculty of Environmental Studies, Universiti Putra Malaysia,
43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia Received: 12 September
2015/Accepted: 11 March 2016 ABSTRACT This study evaluates the current
environmental influences on fish assemblages of the upper Sungai
Pelus, Kuala Kangsar, Perak. Fish samplings and habitat characterizations
were conducted at three significant different months, which were
on dry (June 2014), wet (August 2014) and moderately wet seasons
(April 2015). A total of 510 individual fish were collected from
the study, which consist of four orders, nine families, 20 genus
and 21 species of fishes. Cyprinidae was the biggest family, followed
by Bagridae, Balitoridae and Sisoridae. Neolissochilus
hexagonolepis was the only species documented under the nearly
threatened list, even their individual number and occurrences
were the highest recorded. The readings of environmental variables,
such as water temperature, pH, conductivity, dissolved oxygen,
total dissolved solids, biological oxygen demand and total suspended
solids were regarded as normal for upper river area. However,
the water turbidity and chemical oxygen demand (COD)
were quite high, which we believed was due to seasonal variation
and current anthropogenic activities of the nearby river area.
Canonical correspondence analysis showed that the water conductivity,
river width, COD and
water velocity were the main factors in influencing the fish assemblages
of this upper Sungai Pelus. The findings can be utilized as a
guideline to manage, protect and conserve this upper river area
in the near future. Keywords: Environmental influences;
fish assemblage; fish diversity; Perak; upper river ABSTRAK Kajian ini menilai pengaruh
alam sekitar semasa terhadap kumpulan ikan di hulu Sungai Pelus,
Kuala Kangsar, Perak. Pensampelan ikan dan pencirian habitat telah
dijalankan pada tiga bulan berbeza; musim kering (Jun 2014), basah
(Ogos 2014) dan sederhana basah (April 2015). Sebanyak 510 ikan
telah diambil daripada kajian ini, yang terdiri daripada empat
order, sembilan keluarga, 20 genus dan 21 spesies ikan. Cyprinidae
adalah keluarga terbesar, diikuti oleh Bagridae, Balitoridae dan
Sisoridae. Neolissochilus hexagonolepis adalah satu-satunya spesies yang
direkodkan di bawah senarai hampir terancam, malah bilangan individu
dan kejadian mereka adalah tertinggi direkodkan. Bacaan pemboleh
ubah persekitaran seperti suhu air, pH, kekonduksian, oksigen
terlarut, jumlah pepejal terlarut, permintaan oksigen biologi
dan jumlah pepejal terampai adalah normal bagi kawasan hulu sungai.
Walau bagaimanapun, kekeruhan air dan keperluan oksigen kimia
(COD) adalah agak tinggi dan kami percaya ia disebabkan oleh
perubahan bermusim dan aktiviti antropogen semasa di kawasan sungai
berdekatan. Analisis penghubungan berkanun menunjukkan bahawa
pengaliran air, kelebaran lebar, COD dan halaju air adalah faktor utama
yang mempengaruhi kumpulan ikan di hulu Sungai Pelus ini. Keputusan
kajian boleh digunakan sebagai satu garis panduan untuk mengurus,
melindungi dan memulihara kawasan hulu sungai ini pada masa hadapan.
Kata kunci: Hulu sungai; kepelbagaian ikan; kumpulan ikan; pengaruh
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*Corresponding author; email: mnamal@upm.edu.my
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