Sains Malaysiana 45(11)(2016): 1609–1615

 

Yield and Nutritional Composition of Oyster Mushrooms: An Alternative Nutritional Source for Rural People

(Komposisi Hasil dan Nutrisi Cendawan Tiram: Sumber Pemakanan Alternatif bagi Penduduk Luar Bandar)

 

MOSTAK AHMED¹, NOORLIDAH ABDULLAH¹*& M.M. NURUDDIN²

 

¹Institute of Biological Science, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Federal Territory, Malaysia

 

²Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Sher-e-bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh

 

Received: 7 May 2015/Accepted: 29 March 2016

 

ABSTRACT

In recent decades, minimizing the frequency of nutrient deficiency and malnutrition in rural areas of developing countries becomes an alarming issue. Oyster mushrooms are rich source of both macro and micro nutrients. The objective of this paper was to evaluate the yield of newly introduced oyster mushroom strains viz. Pleurotus sajor-caju (PSC), Pleurotus flabellatus (FLB), Pleurotus florida (FLO), Pleurotus ostreatus (PO₂ and PO₃), Pleurotus ostreatus (HK-51) and Pleurotus geesteranus (PG₁ and PG₃) and to justify their nutritional values when grown in the climatic condition of Bangladesh. Strain HK-51 produced the highest amount of fresh sporophore (197.80 g). In contrast, the highest number of fruiting body was obtained from the strain FLO (82 g) followed by strain PSC (69 g). Strain PG₁ has recorded the highest biological yield (278 g), productivity (55%) and biological efficiency (96%). Nutrient and mineral analysis of sporophore of strain PG1 showed protein (31.80%), lipid (3.6%), potassium (1.3 mg/100 g), phosphorus (0.8 mg/100 g), calcium (32 mg/100 g), iron (43 mg/100 g), magnesium (12 mg/100 g), copper (3.5 mcg/100 g), zinc (12.5 mcg/100 g) and manganese (2.3 mcg/100 g). This study showed that the strain PG₁ performed well with regard to quality and productivity as compared to other strains. Hence, oyster mushroom strain PG₁ is a potential cheap source of nutrients and minerals to combat socioeconomic problems including malnutrition, diseases linked to malnutrition, poverty reduction and agricultural diversity.

 

Keywords: Biological efficiency; mushroom cultivation; nutrient deficiency; Pleurotus species

 

ABSTRAK

Beberapa dekad kebelakangan ini, meminimumkan kekerapan kekurangan nutrien dan zat makanan di kawasan pedalaman negara membangun menjadi suatu masalah yang membimbangkan. Cendawan tiram kaya dengan sumber nutrien makro dan mikro. Objektif penyelidikan ini bertujuan untuk menilai kadar hasil bagi strain cendawan tiram yang baru diperkenalkan iaitu Pleurotus sajor-caju (PSC), Pleurotus flabellatus (FLB), Pleurotus florida (FLO), Pleurotus ostreatus (PO₂ dan PO₃), Pleurotus ostreatus (HK-51) dan Pleurotus geesteranus (PG₁ dan PG₃) untuk mewajarkan nilai pemakanan apabila ditanam dalam keadaan iklim Bangladesh. Strain HK-51 menghasilkan jumlah tertinggi sporofor segar (197.80 g). Sebaliknya, bilangan tertinggi jasad berbuah telah diperoleh daripada strain FLO (82 g) diikuti dengan strain PSC (69 g). Strain PG₁ telah mencatat pulangan biologi tertinggi (278 g), produktiviti (55%) dan kecekapan biologi (96%). Analisis nutrien dan mineral sporofor strain PG₁ menunjukkan protein (31.80%), lipid (3.6%), kalium (1.3 mg/100 g), fosforus (0.8 mg/100 g), kalsium (32 mg/100 g), besi (43 mg/100 g), magnesium (12 mg/100 g), kuprum (3.5 mcg/100 g), zink (mcg 12.5/100 g) dan mangan (2.3 mcg/100 g). Kajian ini menunjukkan bahawa strain PG₁ menunjukkan prestasi yang baik daripada segi kualiti dan produktiviti berbanding dengan strain lain. Oleh itu, cendawan tiram strain PG₁ berpotensi sebagai sumber nutrien dan mineral yang murah untuk memerangi masalah sosioekonomi termasuk malnutrisi, penyakit berkaitan malnutrisi, pengurangan kemiskinan dan kepelbagaian pertanian.

 

Kata kunci: Kecekapan biologi; kekurangan nutrien; penanaman cendawan; spesies Pleurotus

REFERENCES

Agrawal, R.P., Chopra, A., Lavekar, G.S., Padhi, M.M., Srikanth, N., Ota, S. & Jain, S. 2010. Effect of oyster mushroom on glycemia, lipid profile and quality of life in type 2 diabetic patients. Australian Journal of Medicinal Herbs 22: 50-54.

Ahmed, M., Abdullah, N., Ahmed, K.U. & Bhuyan, B. 2013. Yield and nutritional composition of oyster mushroom strains newly introduced in Bangladesh. Pesq. Agropec. Bras. 48: 197-202.

Alam, N., Khan, A., Hossain, M.S., Amin, S.M.R. & Khan, L.A. 2007. Nutritional analysis of dietary mushroom Pleurotus florida Eger. and Pleurotus sajor-caju (Fr.) Singer. Bangladesh Journal of Mushroom 2: 1-7.

Amin, S.M.R., Sarker, N.C., Khair, A. & Alam, N. 2007. Detection of novel supplements of paddy straw substrates on oyster mushroom cultivation. Bangladesh Journal of Mushroom 2: 18-22.

Association of Official Analytical Chemists (AOAC). 2005. Official Methods of Analysis of AOAC International. 16th ed. Gaithersberg, MD, USA:AOAC International.

Banik, K.S. & Nandi, R. 2004. Effect of supplementation of rice straw with bagasse residual slurry manure on the yield, protein and mineral contents of oyster mushroom. Ind. Crop. Prod. 20: 311-319.

BBS. 2010. Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics. (S. Division, ed.), Ministry of Planning, Government of the People’s Republic of Bangladesh.

Chang, S.T., Lau, O.W. & Cho, K.Y. 1981. The cultivation and nutritional value of Pleurotussajor-caju. Eur. J. Appl. Microbiol. Biotech. 12(1): 58-62.

Croan, S.C. 2004. Conversion of conifer wastes into edible and medicinal mushrooms. Forest Products Journal 54: 68-76.

Curvetto, N.R., Figlas, D., Devalis, R. & Delmastro, S. 2002. Growth and productivity of different Pleurotus ostreatus strains on sun flower seed hulls supplemented with N-NH4+ and/or Mn (II). Bioresource Technology 84: 171-176.

Ebigwai, J.K., Edu, E.J., Itam, E.H. & Mofunanya, A.J. 2012. Activity of crude cold-water extract of the culinary-medicinal oyster mushroom, Pleurotus ostreatus (Jacq.:Fr.) P. Kumm. (Higher Basidiomycetes), and Timolol Maleate on induced ocular hypertension. International Journal of Medicinal Mushroom 14: 467-470.

Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO). 2012. The State of Food Insecurity in the World. (F.-c. d. repository, ed.). Rome, Italy: Food and Agriculture Organization, Communication Division.

Godfrey, E.Z., Siti, M.K. & Judith, Z.P. 2010. Effects of temperature ant hydrogen peroxide on mycelial growth of eight Pleurotus strains. Scientia Horticulturae 125: 95-102.

Islam, M.Z., Rahman, M.H. & Hafiz, F. 2009. Cultivation of oyster mushroom (Pleurotus flabellatus) on different substrate. International Journal of Sustainable Crop Production 4: 45-48.

Khlood, A. & Ahmad, A. 2005. Production of oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus) on olive cake agro-waste. Dissertation of Agricultural Science 32: 64-70.

Micha, R., Wallace, S.K. & Mozaffarian, D. 2010. Red and processed meat consumption and risk of incident coronary heart disease, stroke, and diabetes mellitus a systematic review and meta-analysis. Circulation 121: 2271-2283.

Monadal, S.R., Rehana, M.J., Noman, S.M. & Adhikary, S.K. 2010. Comparative study on growth and yield performance evaluation of oyster mushroom (Pleurotus florida) on different substrates. Journal of Bangladesh Agricultural University 8: 213-220.

Naraian, R., Jatin, S. & Satyendra, K.G. 2011. Influence of dairy spent wash (DSW) on different cultivation phases yield responses of two Pleurotus mushrooms. Annals of Microbiology 61: 853-862.

Naraian, R., Sahu, R.K., Kumar, S., Garg, S.K., Singh, C.S. & Kanaujia, R.S. 2009. Influence of different nitrogen rich supplements during cultivation of Pleurotus florida on corn cob substrate. Environmentalist 29: 1-7.

Obodai, M., Cleland-Okine, J. & Vowotor, K.A. 2003. Comparative study on the growth and yield of Pleurotus ostreatus mushroom on different lignocellulosic by-products. Journal of Industrial Microbiolgy and Biotechnology 30: 146-149.

Pant, D., Reddy, U.G. & Adholeya, A. 2006. Cultivation of oyster mushrooms on wheat straw and bagasse substrate amended with distillery effluent. World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology 22: 267-275.

Pathmashini, L., Arunandhy, V. & Wilson, W.R.S. 2008. Cultivation of oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus) on sawdust. Ceylon Journal of Science (Biological Science) 37: 177-182.

Randive, S.D. 2012. Cultivation and study of growth of oyster mushroom on different agricultural waste substrate and its nutrient analysis. Advance and Applied Science Resources 3: 1938-1949.

Rosado, F.R., Carbonero, E.R., Kemmelmeier, C., Tischer, C.A. & Iacomini, M. 2002. A partially 3-0-methylated (1→4) linked α-D-glucan and α-D-mannan from Pleurotus ostreatus sing. FEMS Microbiological Letters 212: 261-265.

Sarker, N.C., Hossain, M.M., Sultana, N., Mian, I.H., Karim, A.J.M.S. & Amin, S.M.R. 2007a. Impact of different substrates on nutrient content of Pleurotus ostreatus (Jacquin ex Fr.). Bangladesh Journal of Mushroom 2: 35-38.

Sarker, N.C., Hossain, M.M., Sultana, N., Mian, I.H., Karim, A.J.M.S. & Amin, S.M.R. 2007b. Performance of different substrates on the growth and yield of Pleurotus ostreatus (Jacquin ex Fr.). Bangladesh Journal of Mushroom 2: 44-49.

Tariqul, I.S.M., Kawser, M., Nuruddin, M.M., Parveen, B., Lalita, B., Hossain, A., Fomsgaard, I.S. & Islam, S.N. 2012. Nutritional composition of minor indigenous fruits: Cheapest nutritional source for the rural people of Bangladesh. Food Chemistry 140(3): 466-470.

Uhart, M., Piscera, J.M. & Alberto, E. 2008. Utilization of new naturally occurring strains and supplementation to improve the biological efficiency of the edible mushroom Agrocybe cylindracea. Journal of Industrial Microbiology and Biotechnology 35: 595-602.

Weigand-Heller, A.J., Kris-Etherton, P.M. & Beelman, R.B. 2012. The bioavailability of ergothioneine from mushrooms (Agaricus bisporus) and the acute effects on antioxidant capacity and biomarkers of inflammation. Preventive Medicine 54: 575-578.

WHO. 2012. Technical note: Supplementary foods for the management of moderate acute malnutrition in infants and children 6-59 months of age. World Health Organization World Health Organization, Geneva.

WHO& FAO. 2004. Vitamin and Mineral Requirements in Human Nutrition. Joint FAO/WHO Expert Consultation on Human Vitamin and Mineral Requirements (1998: Bangkok, Thailand), Best set typesetter Ltd., Hong-Kong.

Wildman, R. & Medeiros, D. 2000. Advanced Human Nutrition. Boca Raton: CRC Press LLC.

Yoshida, N., Takahashi, T., Nagao, T. & Chen, J. 1993. Effect of edible mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus) cultivation on in vitro digestibility of wheat straw and sawdust substrate Journal of Japanese Sociology and Grass Science 39: 177-182.

 

 

*Corresponding author; email: noorlidah@um.edu.my