Sains Malaysiana 45(12)(2016): 1815–1822

http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2016-4512-05

 

Tindakan Minyak Kelapa Dara terhadap Tulang Osteoporosis Pascamenopaus: Analisis

Gen Osteoblastogenesis dan Antioksidan

(The Effects of Virgin Coconut Oil on Postmenopausal Osteoporotic Bone: Analyses on Osteoblastogenesis and Antioxidant Genes)

 

SHIDQIYYAH ABDUL-HAMID^1,2, NORLIZA MUHAMMAD¹* & ISA NAINA MOHAMED¹

 

¹Jabatan Farmakologi, Fakulti Perubatan, Bangunan Pra-Klinikal PPUKM, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latiff, 56000 Kuala Lumpur, Wilayah Persekutuan, Malaysia

 

²Department of Basic Medical Sciences for Nursing, Kulliyyah of Nursing, Universiti Islam Antarabangsa Malaysia, 53100 Kuala Lumpur, Wilayah Persekutuan, Malaysia

 

Received: 16 September 2015/Accepted: 29 April 2016

 

ABSTRAK

Osteoporosis pascamenopaus merupakan salah satu masalah kesihatan utama yang melanda kaum wanita berumur. Ia disebabkan oleh beberapa faktor termasuk tekanan oksidatif, yang dipercayai dapat dikawal melalui pengambilan antioksidan daripada sumber makanan. Minyak kelapa dara (VCO) merupakan salah satu hasil semula jadi yang kaya dengan antioksidan dan telah dibuktikan mampu memelihara tulang yang mengalami osteoporosis. Kajian ini dijalankan untuk mendapatkan kefahaman yang lebih mendalam tentang aktiviti minyak kelapa dara terhadap osteoporosis pada peringkat molekular. Tiga puluh dua ekor tikus betina Sprague-Dawley dibahagikan kepada empat kumpulan, iaitu kumpulan pembedahan Sham, kawalan terovariektomi (Ovx+Ctrl), kumpulan terovariektomi dengan rawatan VCO (Ovx+VCO) dan kumpulan terovariektomi dengan rawatan estrogen (Ovx+E). Kesemua rawatan diberikan melalui oral selama sepuluh minggu. Sampel tulang femur tikus diambil untuk mengkaji perubahan pada ekspresi gen superoksida dismutase (SOD), glutation peroksidase (GPX), osteokalsin dan transkripsi faktor 2 berkaitan run (Runx2). Hasil kajian mendapati bahawa tikus yang menerima rawatan VCO mengalami peningkatan yang signifikan pada ekspresi gen SOD, GPX dan osteokalsin berbanding kumpulan kawalan terovariektomi, disamping ekspresi gen Runx2 yang turut menunjukkan pola peningkatan. Secara kesimpulannya, VCO membantu memelihara tulang pada tikus model osteoporosis melalui tindakannya meningkatkan ekspresi gen antioksidan serta gen yang menigkatkan aktiviti sel osteoblas.

 

Kata kunci: Minyak kelapa dara; model tikus terovariektomi; osteoporosis; pascamenopaus

 

ABSTRACT

Postmenopausal osteoporosis is one of the main health problems in aging women. It was due to several factors including oxidative stress, which can be controlled through intake of antioxidants from food sources. Virgin coconut oil (VCO) is one of the natural product rich in antioxidants and has been proven to protect osteoporotic bone. This study was conducted to gain in-depth understanding on virgin coconut oil’s activity on osteoporosis at molecular level. Thirty two female Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into four groups, namely Sham operated group, ovariectomized control group (Ovx+Ctrl), ovariectomized with VCO treatment (Ovx+VCO), and ovariectomized with estrogen treatment (Ovx+E). All treatments were administered orally for ten weeks. Bone samples were obtained to examine changes on expression of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), osteocalcin and runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2) genes. The results indicated that rats receiving VCO treatment had experienced significant increments in SOD, GPX and osteocalcin gene expressions compared to the ovariectomized control group, besides the gene expressions of Runx2 which also showed an increment pattern. In conclusion, VCO helps to protect bone in osteoporotic rat model by increasing the expressions of antioxidant genes and genes which increase the osteoblast acitivities.

 

Keywords: Osteoporosis; ovariectomized rat model; postmenopausal; virgin coconut oil

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*Corresponding author; email: norliza_ssp@yahoo.com