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Sains Malaysiana 45(1)(2016): 9–18 Origin of Formation Water Salinity Variation
and Its Geological Significance in Chang 9 Stratum, Jiyuan Oilfield (Punca Pembentukan Variasi Kemasinan Air
dan Kepentingan Geologi Chang 9 Stratum di Lapangan Minyak Jiyuan) CHENG FENG1*,
ZHIQIANG
MAO1,
HUA
YANG2,
JINHUA
FU2,
YUJIANG
SHI2,
YUMEI
CHENG3,
HAITAO
ZHANG2,
LINLIN
NIU4
& MUHAMMAD AQEEL ASHRAF5,6 1Key Laboratory
of Earth Prospection and Information Technology (Beijing) College
of Geophysics and Information Engineering, China University of Petroleum 102249
Beijing, China 2National Engineering
Laboratory for Exploration and Development of Low-Permeability Oil
and Gas Field & PetroChina Changqing Oilfield Company, 710018
Xi’ an, China 3Exploration Department,
PetroChina Changqing Oilfield Company 710018 Xi’ an,
China 4Changqing Division,
PetroChina Logging Limited Company, 710201 Xi’ an China 5Department of Geology,
Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur Malaysia 6Water Research Unit, Faculty of Science and Natural Resources, University
Malaysia Sabah, 88400 Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia Received: 13 July
2014/Accepted: 6 November 2014 ABSTRACT The origin of formation water
salinity variation in Chang 9 stratum, Jiyuan oilfield, Ordos basin
is studied here. 91 formation water samples show that water salinity
is characterized by a wide range and a complex plane distribution.
In order to find out the main cause of such distribution complexity
and reveal the relationship between formation water and evolution
of reservoir traps, core data, chemical analysis result of formation
water and log data are analyzed from perspectives of diagenesis
and tectonism. And then, their characteristics are presented as
the followings. In high salinity area, tuffaceous mudstone interlayer
is found growing. Besides, the condition of Na++K+ is
opposite to that of Ca2+, for its rate of concentration
increase slows down with total salinity accumulating. In low salinity
area, while, with fracture and faults developing, some formation
water of CaCl2 type turns into MgCl2,
NaHCO3 or Na2SO4 type.
The cause is thus proposed to be composed of two aspects. One covers
tuff alteration and later diagenesis for the high salinity. To be
specific, montmorillonite, developed from tuff alteration, absorbs
cation selectively and then ions migrate, during which more Na++K+ get
lost, while more Ca2+ reserved.
Afterwards, those reserved Ca2+ get
released with montmorillonite transforming to illite, which results
in a loss of Na++K+ and
accumulation of Ca2+. Lots of ions are released into
formation water during that process and later diagenetic process,
which leads to the high water salinity. The other aspect is the
development of faults and fractures, through which, the upper low
salinity formation water gets connected. And that is the main cause
of low salinity. At last, geological significance is discussed from
two angles. Firstly, tuff alteration and later diagenesis are pivotal
to reservoir reconstruction; and secondly, faults and fractures
play an important role in oil transportation and storage. Keywords: Chang 9 stratum;
fault and fracture; for mation water salinity; geological significance;
Jiyuan oilfield; origin; tuff alteration ABSTRAK Asal usul variasi kemasinan
formasi air di Chang 9 Stratum, lapangan minyak Jiyuan di basin
Ordos dikaji. 91 sampel formasi air menunjukkan bahawa kemasinan
air dicirikan melalui julat yang besar dan satah yang kompleks.
Untuk mengetahui punca utama yang menyebabkan taburan kekompleksan
dan menunjukkan hubungan antara formasi air dan evolusi perangkap
empangan, data teras, keputusan analisis kimia daripada formasi
air dan data log dianalisis daripada perspektif diagnesis dan tektonisme.
Seterusnya, ciri berikut diberikan: Dalam kawasan kemasinan tinggi,
tuf antara lapisan batu lumpur dilihat berkembang. Di samping itu,
keadaan Na++K+
adalah bertentangan dengan Ca2+ kerana
tahap kenaikan kepekatan menurun dengan pengumpulan jumlah kemasinan.
Di kawasan kemasinan yang rendah dengan retak dan sesar berkembang,
sebahagian formasi air jenis CaCl2 bertukar
menjadi jenis MgCl2, NaHCO3 atau
Na2SO4. Punca
utama yang dicadangkan mengambil kira dua aspek. Pertama ialah perubahan
tuf dan diagnesis untuk kemasinan tinggi. Untuk lebih tepat lagi,
montmorilonit yang dibangunkan daripada perubahan tuf memilih menyerap
kation dan selepas itu migrasi ion yang menunjukkan kehilangan Na++K+ yang
banyak manakala lebih banyak Ca2+ disimpan.
Selepas itu, Ca2+ yang
disimpan dibebaskan dengan montmorilonit berubah menjadi batuan
ilit dan mengakibatkan kehilangan Na++K+ dan
Ca2+ terkumpul. Proses ini telah menyebabkan
banyak ion dibebaskan dalam formasi air dan kemudian sewaktu proses
diagenetik yang membawa kepada tahap kemasinan air yang tinggi.
Aspek yang kedua ialah perkembangan sesar dan retak yang menyebabkan
bahagian atas formasi air kemasinan rendah berhubung. Ini adalah
punca utama kemasinan yang rendah. Akhirnya, kepentingan geologi
dibincangkan daripada dua sudut. Pertama, perubahan tuf dan kemudian
diagenesis adalah penting untuk pembinaan semula takungan dan kedua
sesar dan retak yang memainkan peranan penting dalam pengangkutan
dan penyimpanan minyak. Kata kunci: Chang 9 stratum; formasi kemasinan air; kepentingan geologi;
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