Sains Malaysiana 45(2)(2016): 207–214

Hibiscus sabdariffa Linn. (Roselle) Protects Against

Nicotine-Induced Heart Damage in Rats

(Hibiscus sabdariffa Linn. (Rosel) Melindungi Kerosakan Jantung pada Tikus

yang Diaruh Nikotin)

Satirah Zainalabidin, Siti Nor Farhanah Sh Nor Shabidin &

Siti Balkis Budin*

Programme of Biomedical Sciences, School of Diagnostic & Applied Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Aziz,

50300 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

Received: 11 February 2015/Accepted: 5 August 2015

ABSTRACT

Nicotine has been identified as one of the causal factor for oxidative stress, hypertension and hyperlipidemia. Roselle has been widely studied for its potential as an antioxidant, antihyperlipidemic and antihypertensive. However, no studies have been done to investigate if roselle could diminish the oxidative stress caused by nicotine which could further lead to cardiac damages. Thus, this study was aimed to investigate the effect of roselle extract (HSE) on blood pressure, serum lipid profile, oxidative stress marker levels and histological changes to the heart in nicotine-treated rats. A total of 21 Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 3 groups (n=7 per group): Control group received normal saline (0.5 mL/day, i.p); nicotine group received 0.6 mg/kg/BW nicotine (i.p); and treated group received 100 mg/kg/b.w HSE through oral force feeding followed with 0.6 mg/kg/b.w nicotine (i.p) for 21 consecutive days. The results showed that HSE significantly (p>0.05) reduced the heart rate but no effect to the blood pressure. For lipid profile study, HSE increased the high-density lipoprotein concentration significantly (p<0.05) in rats given with nicotine, without any significant changes in total cholesterol, triglyceride and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) concentration. Besides, HSE treatment was also found to reverse malondialdehyde (MDA) level, superoxide dimustase (SOD) enzyme activity and protein concentration significantly (p<0.05) in nicotine-treated rats. In summary, these results indicated that HSE is an effective antioxidant against oxidative damage in heart caused by nicotine, but not as antihyperlipidemic and antihypertensive agent in this rat model.

Keywords: Blood pressure; oxidative stress; nicotine; Roselle

ABSTRAK

Nikotin telah dikenal pasti sebagai salah satu faktor penyebab untuk tekanan oksida, hipertensi dan hiperlipidemia. Rosel telah dikaji secara meluas kerana potensinya sebagai antioksidan, antihiperlipidemik dan antihipertensi. Namun begitu, tiada lagi kajian setakat ini yang mengkaji sama ada rosel mampu merendahkan tekanan oksida yang disebabkan oleh nikotin yang kemudiannya boleh membawa kepada kerosakan jantung. Dengan itu, kajian ini telah dijalankan untuk menentukan kesan ekstrak rosel (HSE) pada tekanan darah, profil lipid serum, aras penanda tekanan oksida dan perubahan histologi jantung tikus yang terawat-nikotin. Sebanyak 21 tikus Sprague-Dawley telah dibahagikan secara rawak kepada 3 kumpulan (n=7 setiap kumpulan): Kumpulan kawalan yang menerima salina normal (0.5 mL/hari, i.p); kumpulan nikotin yang menerima 0.6 mg/kg/BW nikotin (i.p.); dan kumpulan rawatan yang menerima 100 mg/kg/BW HSE secara paksaan oral diikuti dengan 0.6 mg/kg/BW nikotin (i.p) selama 21 hari berturut-turut. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahawa HSE menurunkan kadar denyutan jantung secara signifikan (p>0.05) tetapi tiada kesan pada tekanan darah. Bagi profil lipid pula, HSE mampu meningkatkan aras lipoprotein berketumpatan tinggi dengan signifikan (p<0.05) pada tikus diberi nikotin, namun tanpa sebarang perubahan signifikan pada aras kolesterol jumlah, trigliserida dan lipoprotein berketumpatan rendah. Selain itu, rawatan HSE juga didapati mampu untuk memperbaiki aras malondialdehid (MDA), aktiviti enzim superoksida dismutase (SOD) dan kepekatan protein secara signifikan (p<0.05) pada tikus terawat-nikotin. Secara kesimpulannya, hasil kajian ini telah menunjukkan bahawa HSE adalah antioksidan yang berkesan terhadap kerosakan oksida oleh nikotin pada jantung, namun bukan sebagai agen antihiperlipidemia dan antihipertensi di dalam model tikus ini.

Kata kunci: Nikotin; Rosel; tekanan darah; tekanan oksida

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*Corresponding author; email: balkis6466@yahoo.com.my