Sains Malaysiana 45(4)(2016): 627–632

Chemical Composition of Cinnamomum Species Collected in Sarawak

(Komposisi Kimia Cinnamomum Spesies dari Sarawak)

 

 

SYALIZA ABDUL HAMMID, ZAINI ASSIM & FASIHUDDIN AHMAD*

 

Department of Chemistry, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, 94300 Kota Samarahan, Sarawak

Malaysia

 

Received: 13 January 2015/Accepted: 16 October 2015

 

ABSTRACT

Cinnamomum species (Lauraceae) are well known for their fragrance and medicinal value. The essential oils of three Cinnamomum species (C. macrophyllum, C. crassinervium and C. griffithii) collected in Sarawak were obtained by hydrodistillation and analyzed by gas chromatograpy mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The analysis of the oils showed that most of the essential oils were mainly phenylpropanoids and monoterpenes with a small amount of sesquiterpenes present. Both C. griffithii and C. crassinervium contained similar major chemical composition such as β-linalool, methyl cinnamate and eugenol methyl ether. No presence of methyl cinnamate and β-linalool were found in the oil of C. macrophyllum. m-Eugenol was prominent in the leaf oil of C. macrophyllum, while cinnamaldehyde was found mainly in the bark oil of C. macrophyllum. High percentage of camphor was identified in the bark and root oil of C. macrophyllum, compared to small amount of camphor found in the both root oil of C. griffithii and C. crassinervium.

 

Keywords: Cinnamomum species; essential oil; monoterpene; phenylpropanoid

 

 

ABSTRAK

Spesies tumbuhan Cinnamomum (Lauraceae) terkenal dengan aroma dan nilai perubatan. Minyak pati daripada tiga spesies Cinnamomum (C. macrophyllum, C. crassinervium dan C. griffithii) telah diperoleh melalui penyulingan hidro dan dianalisis oleh kromatografi gas spektrometri jisim (GC-MS). Analisis minyak menunjukkan bahawa sebahagian besar minyak pati kebanyakannya daripada fenilpropanoid dan monoterpena dengan sedikit kehadiran siskuiterpena. Kedua-dua spesies C. griffithii dan C. crassinervium mengandungi komposisi kimia utama yang sama seperti β-linalool, metil simanat dan eugenol metil eter. Tiada kehadiran metil simanat dan β-linalool ditemui dalam minyak C. macrophyllum. m-eugenol didapati dengan banyak di dalam minyak daun C. macrophyllum, manakala sinnamaldihid dikenal pasti terutamanya di dalam minyak kulit C. macrophyllum. Peratusan kamfor yang tinggi telah dikenal pasti dalam kulit dan akar minyak C. macrophyllum, berbanding dengan sedikit kamfor yang terdapat di dalam minyak akar kedua-dua C. griffithii dan C. crassinervium.

 

Kata kunci: Fenilpropanoid; minyak pati; monoterpena; spesies Cinnamomum

REFERENCES

Acree, T. & Arn, H. 2004. Flavornet and human odor space. http:// falvornet.org.index.html. Accessed on July 2013.

Ali, N., Rahmani, M., Shaari, K., Ali, A. & Ee Cheng Lian, G. 2010. Antimicrobial activity of Cinnamomum impressicostatum and C. pubescens and bioassay- guided isolation of bioactive (E)-methyl cinnamate. Journal of Biological Sciences 10: 101-106.

Baruah, A., Nath, S. & Hazarika, A. 2001. Stem bark oil of Cinnamomum iners Reinw. Indian Perfumer 45: 261-263

Bown, D. 1995. The Royal Horticultural Society Encyclopedia of Herbs and Their Uses. London: Dorling Kindersley Ltd. p. 424.

Caren, D.F., Ana, C.S., Natalia, P., Luciana, A.S., Eduardo, D.D. & Patrick, M. 2000. Essential oils of camphor tree (Cinnamomum camphora Nees & Eberm) cultivated in Southern Brazil. Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology 43(3): 313-316.

Chang, M.Y. & Shen, Y.L. 2014. Linalool exhibits cytotoxic effects by activating antitumor immunity. Molecules 19(5): 6694-6706.

Craig, W.J. 1999. Health-promoting properties of common herbs. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 70(3): 491S-499S.

Dung, N., Khien, P., Chien, H. & Leclercq, P. 1993. The essential oil of Cinnamomum camphora (L.) Sieb. var. linaloolifera from Vietnam. Journal of Essential Oil Research 5(4): 451- 453.

Fabio, A., Corona, A., Forte, E. & Quaglio, P. 2003. Inhibitory activity of spices and essential oils on psychrotrophic Bacteria. The New Microbiologica 26(1): 115-120.

Fischer, A. 1960. Latitudinal variation in organic diversity. Evolution 14: 64-81.

Ibrahim, J., Bushra, A., Jacintha, S. & Jamia, A. 2008. Correlation between chemical composition and antifungal activity of the essential oils of eight Cinnamomum spp. Pharmaceutical Biology 46(6): 406-412.

Ibrahim, J., Wiselius, S.I., Lim, S.C. & Sosef, M.S. 1995. Cinnamomum Schaeffer. In Plant Resources of South-East Asia. No 5(2). Timber Trees: Minor Commercial Timbers edited by Lemmens, R.H., Soerianegara, I. & Wong, W.C. Leiden: Backhuys Publishers. pp. 130-140.

Ibrahim, J., Nor Azah, M.A., Abdul Rashih, A. & Abu Said, A. 1994. Chemical constituents of the essential oils of Cinnamomum sintoc. Pertanika Journal of Science and Technology 2(1): 39-45.

Lee, H., Lee, C., Kim, S. & Ahn, Y. 2004. Cytotoxic and mutagenic effects of Cinnamomum cassia bark and leaf derived materials. Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology 14: 1176-1181.

Lin, Z. & Hua, Y. 1987. Chemical constituents of 14 essential oils from Lauraceae growing in Yibin area, Sichuan Province. Linchan Huaxue Yu Gongye 7: 46-64.

Mabberley, D. 2008. Mabberley’s Plant-Book: A Portable Dictionary of Plants, Their Classifications and Uses. 3rd ed. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. pp. 188-496.

Mallavarapu, G., Ramesh, S., Chandrasekhara, R., Rajeswara Rao, B., Kaul, P. & Battacharya, A. 1995. Investigation of the essential oil of Cinnamon leaf grown at Bangalore and Hyderabad. Flavour and Fragrance Journal 10(4): 239- 242.

Naderi, G., Asgary, S., Ani, M., Sarraf-Zadegan, N. & Safari, M. 2004. Effect of some volatiles oils on the affinity of intact and oxidized low-density lipoproteins for adrenal cell surface receptors. Molecular Cell Biochemistry 267: 59-66.

Nor Azah, M.A. & Ibrahim, J. 1999. Essential Oil of Cinnamomum tahijanum Kost. from Sarawak. Retrieved from ASEAN Review of Biodiversity & Environment Conservation: http:// www.arbec.com.my/pdf/art5novdec99.pdf.

Paranagama, P.A., Wimalasena, S., Jayatilake, G.S., Jayawardena, A.L., Senanayake, U.M. & Mubarak, A.M. 2001. A comparison of essential oil constituents of bark, leaf, root and fruit of Cinnamon (Cinnamomum zeylanicum Blume) grown in Sri Lanka. Journal of Natural Science Foundation Sri Lanka 29(3&4): 147-153.

Peana, A.T., D’Aquila, P.S., Panin, F., Serra, G., Pippia, P. & Moretti, M.D. 2002. Anti-` inflammatory activity of linalool and linalyl acetate constituents of essential oils. Phytomedicine 9(8): 721-726.

Ragasa, C., Espineli, D., Agoo, E. & Shen, C.C. 2013. Chemical constituents of Cinnamomum griffithii. Chemistry of Natural Compounds 49(1): 127-128.

Senanayake, U., Lee, T. & Wills, R. 1978. Volatile constituents of Cinnamon (Cinnamomum zeylanicum) oils. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 26(4): 822-824.

Soh, W.K. 2011. Taxonomic revision of Cinnamomum (Lauraceae) in Borneo. Biodiversity, Evolution and Biogeography of Plants 56(3): 241-264.

Tao, G., Lu, A., Jiang, Z., Chen, H., Zhang, X. & Sun, H. 1987. New resource plants of natural camphor and linalool. Zhiwu Xuebao (Plant Physiology Journal) 29: 541-548.

Tran, D.T., Do, N.D., Do, Q.H. & Nguyen, X.D. 2008. A new natural source of camphor from Cinnamomum. VNU Journal of Science, Natural Sciences and Technology 24: 211-213.

Wang, R., Wang, R. & Yang, B. 2008. Extraction of essential oil from five Cinnamon leaves and identification of their volatile compound. Journal of Innovative Food Science and Emerging Technologies 10(2): 289-292.

 

*Corresponding author; email: bfasih@frst.unimas.my