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Sains Malaysiana 45(4)(2016): 643–651 Effects of Rare Earth
Nanoparticles (M = Sm2O3,
Ho2O3, Nd2O3)
Addition on the Microstructure and Superconducting Transition
of Bi1.6Pb0.4Sr2Ca2Cu3O10+δ Ceramics (Kesan Penambahan Nanozarah
Nadir-Bumi (M = Sm2O3, Ho2O3, Nd2O3) ke atas Mikrostruktur dan Peralihan
Kesuperkonduksian Seramik Bi1.6Pb0.4Sr2Ca2Cu3O10+δ) H. BAGIAH,
S.A.
HALIM*,
S.K.
CHEN,
K.P.
LIM
& M.M. AWANG
KECHIK
Superconductors
and Thin Film Laboratory, Department of Physics, Faculty of Science 43400
Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia Received:
25 March 2015/Accepted: 12 October 2015 ABSTRACT The effect of rare earth
nanoparticles, M=Sm2O3,
Nd2O3 and
Ho2O3 added
to (Bi1.6Pb0.4Sr2Ca2Cu3O10+δ)1-x(M)x,
where x = 0.00 - 0.05, superconductor were studied by X-ray diffraction
technique (XRD), resistivity (R), scanning electron microscopy (SEM)
and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDX). The volume fraction of high-Tc phase, Bi-2223, decreased from 84% for pure sample to
48, 30 and 23% at x = 0.05 for Sm2O3,
Ho2O3 and
Nd2O3 additions,
respectively. The critical temperature Tc(R=0) that is 102 K for the pure
sample decreased to 78, 73 and 69 K at x = 0.05 for samples with
Sm2O3,
Nd2O3 and
Ho2O3 nanoparticles
additions, respectively. The additions of rare earth nanoparticles
decreased the grain size and increased the random orientation
of the grains. The results showed that the phases’ formations,
variations of lattice parameters and electrical properties are
sensitive to the size of nanoparticles and magnetic properties
of its ions. Keywords: High Tc phase
(Bi-2223); hole concentration; pairing mechanism; Sm2O3,
Ho2O3 and
Nd2O3 rare
earth nanoparticles ABSTRAK Kesan penambahan nanozarah
nadir-bumi M = Sm2O3,
Nd2O3 dan
Ho2O3 ke
atas bahan superkonduktor (Bi1.6Pb0.4Sr2Ca2Cu3O10+δ)1-x(M)x,
dengan x = 0.00 - 0.05, telah dikaji dengan teknik (XRD),
kerintangan (R), mikroskopi imbasan elektron (SEM)
dan spektroskopi serakan tenaga (EDX). Pecahan isi padu untuk fasa
Tc- tinggi, Bi-2223, berkurangan daripada 84% untuk sampel tulen
ke 48, 30 dan 23% pada x = 0.05 untuk penambahan masing-masing
Sm2O3,
Ho2O3 dan
Nd2O3. Suhu kritikal Tc(R=0)
untuk sampel tulen ialah 102 K dan berubah ke 78,
73 dan 69 K pada x = 0.05 untuk sampel yang ditambah dengan nanozarah
masing-masing Sm2O3,
Nd2O3 dan Ho2O3.
Penambahan nanozarah nadir-bumi mengurangkan saiz butiran dan
meningkatkan kerawakan orientasi butiran. Hasil kajian menunjukkan
bahawa pembentukan fasa, variasi dalam parameter kekisi dan sifat
kekonduksian elektrik adalah peka terhadap saiz nanozarah dan
sifat magnet ionnya. Kata kunci: Fasa Tc-
tinggi (Bi-2223); nanozarah nadir-bumi Sm2O3, Ho2O3 dan Nd2O3;
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*Corresponding author; email: ahalim@upm.edu.my
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