Sains Malaysiana 45(5)(2016): 659–667

Best Band Ratio Combinations for the Lithological Discrimination of the Dayang Bunting and Tuba Islands, Langkawi, Malaysia

(Gabungan Nisbah Jalur Terbaik untuk Diskriminasi Litologi di Pulau Dayang Bunting dan Pulau Tuba, Langkawi, Malaysia)

 

NORBERT SIMON*, CHE AZIZ ALI, KAMAL ROSLAN MOHAMED & KAMILIA SHARIR

 

Geology Programme, School of Environmental & Natural Resource Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia

 

Received: 17 September 2015/Accepted: 25 November 2015

 

ABSTRACT

Band ratio combination has been proven to be one of the most useful image processing methods for lithological discrimination, as discussed by many researchers in the past. In this study, bands from Landsat 5 TM were used to generate different ratio combinations to discriminate the different lithologies of two islands located at the southern end of the Langkawi archipelago, specifically the Dayang Bunting and Tuba Islands. Both islands comprise similar lithological units – namely, limestone/marble (Permian & Silurian-Ordovician), granite and alluvium. There are two rock formations that are limestone/marble dominated. The first is known as the Chuping Formation, which consists of limestone/marble and the other is the Setul Formation, which consists of not only limestone/marble but also of two detrital intervals. Different ratio combinations obtained from past researchers and that was produced from this study were tested on the image of the Dayang Bunting and Tuba Islands to identify the best ratio combinations that were able to discriminate the different lithologies for both islands. A total of 28 combinations were performed to examine which combinations are the most effective. From the 28 combinations, three were identified as the most suitable; 4/3 5/2 3/1, 5/3 4/3 4/1 and 4/2 5/3 4/3 in the RGB sequence. These combinations enhanced the spectral differences of each lithology unit so that it can be distinguished easily. Apart from the difference in the spectral response, the texture of the lithologies was also enhanced to assist in discriminating the different units.

 

Keywords: Band ratio combination; Landsat TM; Langkawi; lithological discrimination; spectral

Response

 

ABSTRAK

Gabungan nisbah jalur telah terbukti menjadi salah satu kaedah penting dalam pemprosesan imej untuk mengenal pasti diskriminasi litologi, seperti yang telah dibincangkan oleh ramai penyelidik terdahulu. Dalam kajian ini, jalur daripada Landsat 5 TM telah digunakan untuk menghasilkan kombinasi nisbah yang berbeza bagi menentukan diskriminasi litologi yang terdapat di dua pulau yang terletak di hujung selatan kepulauan Langkawi, iaitu Pulau Dayang Bunting dan Pulau Tuba. Kedua-dua pulau tersebut mempunyai persamaan daripada segi unit litologi iaitu batu kapur/marmar (Permian Silur-Ordovisi), granit dan alluvium. Terdapat dua formasi yang membentuk batu kapur/marmar di kawasan kajian iaitu Formasi Chuping yang terdiri daripada batu kapur/marmar dan yang kedua ialah Formasi Setul, terdiri daripada bukan sahaja batu kapur/marmar malah terdapat juga perselangan antara dua detrital. Kombinasi nisbah berbeza yang diperoleh daripada penyelidik terdahulu dan yang dihasilkan dalam kajian ini diuji ke atas imej Pulau Dayang Bunting dan Pulau Tuba untuk mengenal pasti kombinasi nisbah terbaik yang mampu membezakan litologi berlainan di kedua-dua pulau. Sejumlah 28 kombinasi telah dijalankan untuk mengkaji kombinasi mana yang paling berkesan. Daripada gabungan 28 nisbah jalur, tiga telah dikenal pasti sebagai yang paling sesuai; 4/3 5/2 3/1, 5/3 4/3 4/1 dan 4/2 5/3 4/3 dalam turutan RGB. Kombinasi ini dipilih kerana menunjukkan perbezaan yang ketara bagi membezakan litologi di kawasan tersebut. Selain itu, tekstur litologi juga membantu dalam membezakan unit litologi yang lain.

 

Kata kunci: Diskriminasi litologi; gabungan nisbah jalur; Landsat TM; Langkawi; respons spectrum

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*Corresponding author; email: norbsn@ukm.edu.my