Sains Malaysiana 45(5)(2016): 753–759

Association between Health-Related Quality of Life and Psychological Distress at Different Stages of Chronic Kidney Disease

(Hubungan antara Kualiti Hidup Bersandarkan Kesihatan dan Distres Psikologi Pesakit Buah Pinggang Kronik pada Tahap Penyakit yang Berbeza)

NORHAYATI IBRAHIM¹*, RAFIDAH AINI PAKRI MOHAMED¹, SHARLENE TEO¹, NORMAH CHE DIN¹, ABDUL HALIM ABDUL GAFOR², ROZMI ISMAIL³ & ZAHARA ABDUL MANAF⁴

¹Health Psychology Programme, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia

Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, 50300 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

²Nephrology and SLE unit, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, 56000 Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

³School of Psychology and Human Development, Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia

⁴Dietetics Programme, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, 50300 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

Received: 13 August 2015/Accepted: 17 November 2015

ABSTRACT

The prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) have increased and become one of the major public health concerns worldwide including Malaysia. Previous studies on CKD generally focused on patients who were already undergoing dialysis treatment; however, studies investigating the stresses experienced by pre-dialysis CKD patients were limited. This study aimed to examine the prevalence of psychological distress and their association with the Health Related Quality of Life (HRQoL) during the different stages of CKD. This cross-sectional study involved 200 pre-dialysis patients from stages 3 to 5, who were recruited from the Nephrology Clinic at the National University of Malaysia Medical Centre (UKMMC). The instruments used in this study were the Short Form 36 (measuring HRQoL) and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) to measure the psychological distress. The results showed that the prevalence of depression and anxiety increased proportionally with the CKD stages. The HRQoL sub-component scores declined as the CKD stages increased except for social functioning. An impaired HRQoL was associated with depression and anxiety in the CKD patients. The results suggested that it is very important to manage kidney disease at an early stage and that a healthier lifestyle is adopted.

Keywords: Anxiety; chronic kidney disease; depression, health related quality of life

ABSTRAK

Prevalens penyakit buah pinggang kronik (CKD) semakin meningkat dan menjadi salah satu masalah kesihatan awam yang utama di seluruh dunia termasuk Malaysia. Kajian terdahulu ke atas pesakit CKD umumnya tertumpu kepada pesakit yang telah menjalani rawatan dialisis. Walau bagaimanapun, kajian berkenaaan tekanan yang dialami oleh pra-dialisis pesakit CKD adalah terhad. Kajian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji prevalen distres psikologi dan hubungannya dengan Kualiti Hidup Kesihatan (HRQoL) pada tahap penyakit CKD yang berbeza. Kajian keratan rentas ini melibatkan 200 pesakit pra-dialisis yang berada pada tahap 3 hingga 5, yang telah dipilih dari Klinik Nefrologi di Pusat Perubatan Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (PPUKM). Instrumen yang digunakan dalam kajian ini ialah Short Form 36 (mengukur HRQoL) dan Skala Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HAD) untuk mengukur tekanan psikologi. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahawa prevalen kemurungan dan kebimbangan meningkat berkadaran dengan peningkatan tahap CKD. Skor HRQoL bagi setiap sub-komponen menurun apabila tahap penyakit CKD meningkat kecuali bagi komponen kefungsian sosial. HRQoL pesakit yang merosot dikaitkan dengan kemurungan dan kebimbangan yang dialami oleh pesakit CKD. Keputusan kajian ini menunjukkan bahawa adalah sangat penting untuk pengurusan penyakit buah pinggang dilakukan pada peringkat awal dan gaya hidup yang lebih sihat diamalkan.

Kata kunci: Kebimbangan; kemurungan; kesihatan; kualiti hidup; penyakit buah pinggang kronik

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*Corresponding author; email: norhayati70@gmail.com