Sains Malaysiana 45(5)(2016): 769–775

Effect of Platelet-Rich Plasma Treatment on Antioxidant Enzymes’ Activity following Hamstring Injury among Malaysian Athletes

(Kesan Rawatan Plasma Kaya-Platelet ke Atas Aktiviti Enzim Antioksidan Selepas Kecederaan Hamstring dalam Kalangan Atlet Malaysia)

LINGLING LAI^1,2*, MOHD NAHAR AZMI MOHAMED^1,2, MOHAMED RAZIF MOHAMED ALI²,  KHONG TENG-KEEN³ & ASHRIL YUSOF³

¹Sport Medicine Department, University of Malaya Medical Centre, 59100 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

²Sport Medicine Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

³Sports Centre, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

Received: 17 July 2015/Accepted: 8 December 2015

ABSTRACT

The objective of the present preliminary study was to investigate the effect of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) treatment alongside rehabilitation programme compared with rehabilitation programme alone on antioxidant enzymes’ (superoxide dismutase, SOD; catalase, CAT) activity and time to return to play (RTP) following hamstring injury among Malaysian athletes. Participants diagnosed with grade-2 acute hamstring injury (n=10) were randomised into 2 groups of PRP treatment and rehabilitation programme (PRP-T) and rehabilitation programme alone (CON). Blood samples were collected at baseline and 2 fortnightly (week-2, W2; week-4, W4) for the biochemical assessments. Participants were certified to have recovered upon fulfilling RTP criteria. PRP-T group showed a significantly lower CAT activity compared to CON group (47.55% lower at W2, 37% lower at W4, p<0.05), while there was no significant difference in SOD activity between the groups. Although PRP-T group benefited from an earlier (~15 days) time to RTP compared to the CON group, no statistically significant difference was noted; however, the effect size was large (Cohen’s d=0.9). These findings suggested that PRP treatment alongside rehabilitation potentially reduces the degree of secondary tissue damage and facilitates muscle recovery through regulation of antioxidant enzymes, which subsequently hastens time to RTP. Athletes and coaches could consider PRP as viable treatment for hamstring injury.

Keywords: Autologous; blood injection; muscle injury; oxidative; rehabilitation

ABSTRAK

Objektif kajian awal ini adalah untuk mengkaji kesan rawatan PRP bersama program pemulihan berbanding dengan program pemulihan sahaja ke atas aktiviti enzim antioksidan (superoksid dismutase, SOD; catalase, CAT), serta masa untuk kembali beraksi selepas kecederaan hamstring dalam kalangan atlet Malaysia. Peserta yang didiagnosis dengan kecederaan hamstring akut gred-2 (n=10) dibahagikan secara rawak kepada kumpulan rawatan PRP bersama program pemulihan (PRP-T) dan program pemulihan sahaja (CON). Sampel darah dikumpulkan pada awalan dan setiap 2 mingggu (minggu-2, W2; minggu-4, W4) untuk penilaian biokimia. Peserta disahkan pulih setelah memenuhi kriteria RTP. Kumpulan PRP-T menunjukkan aktiviti CAT jauh lebih rendah berbanding dengan kumpulan CON (47.55% lebih rendah pada W2, 37% lebih rendah pada W4, p<0.05), manakala tiada perbezaan signifikan bagi aktiviti SOD antara dua kumpulan. Walaupun kumpulan PRP-T mendapat manfaat daripada masa lebih awal (~15 hari) untuk kembali beraksi berbanding kumpulan CON, tiada perbezaan statistik yang signifikan didapati; walau bagaimanapun, saiz kesannya adalah besar (Cohen’s d=0.9). Penemuan ini menunjukkan bahawa rawatan PRP bersama program rehabilitasi berpotensi mengurangkan tahap kerosakan tisu sekunder dan menggalakkan perkembangan pemulihan otot melalui pengawalan enzim antioksidan, justeru mempercepatkan masa untuk kembali beraksi. Atlet dan jurulatih boleh mempertimbangkan PRP sebagai rawatan berkesan untuk kecederaan hamstring.

Kata kunci: Autologus; kecederaan otot; oksidatif; pemulihan; suntikan darah

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*Corresponding author; email: lling5432@gmail.com