Sains Malaysiana 45(8)(2016): 1243–1252

 

Fabrikasi GPS Antena menggunakan Bahan Zink Aluminat Berstruktur Nano didopkan dengan Kobalt

(Fabrication of GPS Antenna using Zinc Aluminate (ZnAl2O4) Nanostructured Material Doped with Cobalt)

 

WAN NASARUDIN WAN JALAL1,2, HUDA ABDULLAH1*, MOHD SYAFIQ ZULFAKAR1

& BADARIAH BAIS1

 

1Department of Electrical, Electronic and System Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia

 

2National Dual Training System (NDTS), Department of Skills Development, Level 7 - 8, Block D4, Complexs D, Federal Government Administrative Centre, 62530 Putrajaya, Federal Territory,

Malaysia

 

Received: 20 April 2015/Accepted: 12 August 2015

 

ABSTRAK

Kaedah sol gel digunakan untuk menghasilkan filem nipis CoxZn(1-x)Al2O4 berstruktur nano pada suhu 600°C. Corak pembelauan XRD menunjukkan pembentukan struktur tunggal spinel ZnAl2O4 dan CoAl2O4. Saiz hablur dan ketumpatan bahan berkurangan apabila kepekatan bahan dopan Co bertambah, iaitu masing-masing daripada 19.52 kepada 10.39 nm dan 4.609 kepada 4.585 g/cm3. Parameter kekisi pula meningkat daripada 8.085 kepada 8.098 Å apabila Co meningkat. Analisis FTIR menunjukkan ikatan ZnO, Co dan Al-O berlaku antara 487 hingga 550 cm-1, manakala ikatan spinel bagi ZnAl2O4 dan CoAl2O4 pula terbentuk pada 655 cm-1. Imej AFM menunjukkan kekasaran permukaan menurun apabila Co bertambah iaitu daripada 30.21 nm (×=0.00) kepada 14.83 nm (×=0.30). Nilai pemalar dielektrik (εr) menunjukkan penurunan secara linear apabila Co meningkat iaitu daripada 8.53 kepada 7.31.  Seterusnya, GPS antena difabrikasi menggunakan sampel CoxZn(1-x)Al2O4. Prestasi dan frekuensi operasi GPS antena diukur menggunakan penganalisis rangkaian siri PNA pada frekuensi kenaan 1-2 GHz.  Analisis mendapati antena beroperasi pada frekuensi 1.570 Ghz dengan kerungian pulangan -15.6 hingga -21.2 dB dan lebar jalurnya pula adalah 80 hingga 315 MHz. Kesemua antena yang telah difabrikasi memenuhi keperluan minimum antena untuk beroperasi pada aplikasi GPS.

 

Kata kunci: Antena GPS; Co/ZnAl2O4, FTIR; pemalar dielektrik; struktur nano

 

 

ABSTRACT

The CoxZn(1-x)Al2O4 thin films was synthesized by the sol-gel method at 600°C. The XRD patterns displayed the characteristic peaks of the solid spinel structure and were observed as ZnAl2O4 or CoAl2O4 system. The addition of Co decreased the crystallite size and ceramic density from 19.52 to 10.39 nm and 4.609 to 4.585 g/cm3, respectively. The lattice parameter increase initially from 8.085 to 8.098 Å, as Co increased. The FTIR analysis showed that the formation of ZnO, Co and Al-O occurred at 487 and 550 cm−1, while ZnAl2O4 and CoAl2O4 spinel bonds occurred at 655 cm−1. The AFM images showed the surface roughness decreased as Co increased, from 30.21 nm (×=0.00) to 14.83 nm (×=0.30). As the Co content increased, the dielectric constant (εr) values decreased linearly from 8.53 to 7.31. Finally, GPS patch antennae were successfully fabricated using the CoxZn(1-x)Al2O4 material. The performance and operating frequencies of GPS patch antennas were determined from frequencies of 1-2 GHz using PNA series network analyzer. The results showed that the patch antenna resonates at frequency of 1.570 GHz and produces a return loss bandwidth between -15.6 and -21.2 dB, while their bandwidth between 80 to 315 MHz to ensure full functionality. The all fabricated antennas meet the minimum requirements of GPS applications.

Keywords: Co/ZnAl2O4; dielectric constant; FTIR; GPS antennas; nanostructures

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*Corresponding author; email: huda.abdullah@ukm.edu.my

 

 

 

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