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Sains Malaysiana 45(8)(2016): 1243–1252
Fabrikasi
GPS Antena menggunakan Bahan Zink Aluminat Berstruktur Nano didopkan dengan
Kobalt
(Fabrication
of GPS Antenna using Zinc Aluminate (ZnAl2O4)
Nanostructured Material Doped with Cobalt)
WAN NASARUDIN WAN JALAL1,2, HUDA ABDULLAH1*, MOHD SYAFIQ ZULFAKAR1
& BADARIAH BAIS1
1Department of
Electrical, Electronic and System Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built
Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor Darul Ehsan,
Malaysia
2National Dual
Training System (NDTS), Department of Skills Development, Level 7 - 8, Block
D4, Complexs D, Federal Government Administrative Centre, 62530 Putrajaya,
Federal Territory,
Malaysia
Received: 20 April 2015/Accepted: 12 August 2015
ABSTRAK
Kaedah sol gel digunakan untuk menghasilkan filem nipis CoxZn(1-x)Al2O4 berstruktur
nano pada suhu 600°C. Corak pembelauan XRD menunjukkan
pembentukan struktur tunggal spinel ZnAl2O4 dan
CoAl2O4. Saiz hablur dan
ketumpatan bahan berkurangan apabila kepekatan bahan dopan Co bertambah, iaitu
masing-masing daripada 19.52 kepada 10.39 nm dan 4.609 kepada 4.585 g/cm3. Parameter kekisi pula meningkat daripada 8.085 kepada 8.098 Å
apabila Co meningkat. Analisis FTIR menunjukkan ikatan ZnO, Co
dan Al-O berlaku antara 487 hingga 550 cm-1,
manakala ikatan spinel bagi ZnAl2O4 dan
CoAl2O4 pula
terbentuk pada 655 cm-1. Imej AFM menunjukkan
kekasaran permukaan menurun apabila Co bertambah iaitu daripada 30.21 nm
(×=0.00) kepada 14.83 nm (×=0.30). Nilai
pemalar dielektrik (εr)
menunjukkan penurunan secara linear apabila Co meningkat iaitu daripada 8.53
kepada 7.31. Seterusnya, GPS antena
difabrikasi menggunakan sampel CoxZn(1-x)Al2O4. Prestasi dan frekuensi operasi GPS antena
diukur menggunakan penganalisis rangkaian siri PNA pada
frekuensi kenaan 1-2 GHz. Analisis
mendapati antena beroperasi pada frekuensi 1.570 Ghz dengan kerungian pulangan
-15.6 hingga -21.2 dB dan lebar jalurnya pula adalah 80 hingga 315 MHz. Kesemua
antena yang telah difabrikasi memenuhi keperluan minimum antena untuk
beroperasi pada aplikasi GPS.
Kata kunci: Antena GPS; Co/ZnAl2O4, FTIR;
pemalar dielektrik; struktur nano
ABSTRACT
The CoxZn(1-x)Al2O4 thin
films was synthesized by the sol-gel method at 600°C. The XRD patterns
displayed the characteristic peaks of the solid spinel structure and were
observed as ZnAl2O4 or
CoAl2O4 system.
The addition of Co decreased the crystallite size and ceramic density from
19.52 to 10.39 nm and 4.609 to 4.585 g/cm3,
respectively. The lattice parameter increase initially from 8.085 to 8.098 Å,
as Co increased. The FTIR analysis showed that the
formation of ZnO, Co and Al-O occurred at 487 and 550 cm−1,
while ZnAl2O4 and
CoAl2O4 spinel
bonds occurred at 655 cm−1. The AFM images
showed the surface roughness decreased as Co increased, from 30.21 nm
(×=0.00) to 14.83 nm (×=0.30). As the Co content
increased, the dielectric constant (εr)
values decreased linearly from 8.53 to 7.31. Finally, GPS patch
antennae were successfully fabricated using the CoxZn(1-x)Al2O4 material.
The performance and operating frequencies of GPS patch
antennas were determined from frequencies of 1-2 GHz using PNA series
network analyzer. The results showed that the patch antenna resonates at
frequency of 1.570 GHz and produces a return loss bandwidth between -15.6 and
-21.2 dB, while their bandwidth between 80 to 315 MHz to ensure full
functionality. The all fabricated antennas meet the minimum requirements of GPS applications.
Keywords: Co/ZnAl2O4;
dielectric constant; FTIR; GPS antennas; nanostructures
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*Corresponding author; email: huda.abdullah@ukm.edu.my
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