Sains Malaysiana 46(10)(2017): 1679–1685

http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2017-4610-02

 

Morfologi Trikom pada Petal dan Sepal Spesies Terpilih Acanthaceae di Semenanjung Malaysia

(Trichome Morphology on Petal and Sepal of Selected Species of Acanthaceae in Peninsular Malaysia)

 

AMIRUL-AIMAN, A.J.^1,2*, NORAINI, T.² & NURUL-AINI, C.A.C.³

 

 

¹Pusat Pengajian Sains Sekitaran dan Sumber Alam, Fakulti Sains dan Teknologi, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia

 

²Jabatan Sains Alam Sekitar, Fakulti Pengajian Alam Sekitar, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia

 

³Jabatan Sains Tumbuhan, Kuliyyah Sains, Universiti Islam Antarabangsa Malaysia, Bandar Indera Mahkota, 25200 Kuantan, Pahang Darul Makmur, Malaysia

 

Received: 3 April 2017/Accepted: 5 July 2017

 

ABSTRAK

Acanthaceae merupakan famili tumbuhan angiosperma di bawah order Lamiales yang terdiri daripada sekurang-kurangnya 4000 spesies sama ada spesies tropika atau subtropika. Spesies daripada famili ini ditemui di pelbagai habitat dan mempunyai pelbagai morfologi serta corak taburan geografi. Walau bagaimanapun, maklumat mengenai ciri anatomi bagi Acanthaceae masih dangkal sehingga ke hari ini. Objektif kajian ini ialah untuk mengenal pasti jenis trikom yang hadir pada permukaan epidermis adaksial dan abaksial sepal dan juga petal bunga bagi beberapa spesies terpilih daripada Acanthaceae di Semenanjung Malaysia. Kajian ini melibatkan pengumpulan sampel di lapangan, penyediaan spesimen baucer, teknik kajian epidermis petal, cerapan di bawah mikroskop cahaya dan juga cerapan di bawah mikroskop imbasan elektron. Tiga puluh jenis trikom dicerap dalam kajian ini dan daripada jumlah tersebut, 23 jenis trikom dicerap hadir pada permukaan epidermis petal manakala 17 jenis trikom dicerap hadir pada permukaan epidermis sepal. Jenis trikom yang direkodkan ialah trikom ringkas unisel dan ringkas multisel, trikom kelenjar kapitat dan kelenjar peltat serta juga trikom berlengan. Keputusan kajian ini menunjukkan kehadiran dan jenis trikom pada permukaan sepal dan petal mempunyai nilai taksonomi yang berguna untuk tujuan pembezaan dan pengecaman spesies. Maklumat ciri morfologi trikom yang diperoleh daripada kajian ini merupakan maklumat baharu ciri anatomi bunga bagi Acanthaceae.

 

Kata kunci: Acanthaceae; mikroskop imbasan elektron; Semenanjung Malaysia; taksonomi tumbuhan; trikom

 

ABSTRACT

Acanthaceae is an angiosperm plant family under the order Lamiales, comprising at least 4000 species of either tropical or subtropical. Species of Acanthaceae can be found in various habitats and they have various morphological characteristics and geographical distribution patterns. However, the information on the anatomy of Acanthaceae is still meagre till to date. The objective of this study was to identify the type of trichomes present on both adaxial and abaxial epidermal surfaces of sepals and petals of some selected Acanthaceae species in Peninsular Malaysia. The study involved fresh samples collected from the field, preparation of voucher specimens, epidermal peel techniques with observation under light and scanning electron microscopes. Thirty types of trichomes were found in this study, 23 types were present on the petal epidermal surface and 17 types were observed on the sepal epidermal surface. Types of trichomes found included simple unicellular and multicellular, capitate and peltate glandular and armed trichomes. The presence of trichomes on sepal and petal surfaces proven to have taxonomic value to differentiate and identify species in Acanthaceae. Information on the morphological trichome characteristics found in the study is a new finding in anatomical features of Acanthaceae.

 

Keywords: Acanthaceae; Peninsular Malaysia; plant taxonomy; scanning electron microscope; trichomes

REFERENCES

Barthlott, W., Nienhus, C., Cutler, D., Ditsch, F., Meusel, I. & Wihelmi, H. 1998. Classification and terminology of plant epicuticular waxes. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 126: 237-260.

Borg, A.J. 2008. Phylogenetics and flora structure in Thunbergioideae and Avicennia (Acanthaceae). Tesis Licentiate, Stockholm University (tidak diterbitkan).

Grant, W.F. 1955. A cytogenetic study in the Acanthaceae. Brittonia 8(2): 121-149.

Hu, J., Deng, Y., Wood, J.R.I. & Daniel, T.F. 2011. Acanthaceae. Flora of China 19. Science Press, Beijing, China, and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.

Inamdar, J.A. 1967. Studies on the trichomes of some Oleaceae, structure and ontogeny. Proceedings of the Indian Academy of Sciences-Section B. hlm. 164-177.

Johansen, D.A. 1940. Plant Microtechnique. New York: McGraw- Hill.

Keng, H. 1986. Order dan Famili Tumbuhan Berbiji di Tanah Melayu. Terj. Ahmad Bin Mahmud. Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka.

Levin, F.A. 1929. The taxonomic value of vein-islet areas based upon a study of the genera Barosma, Cassia, Erythroxylon and Digitalis. Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology 2: 17-43.

McDade, L.A., Daniel, T.F. & Kiel, C.A. 2008. Toward a comprehensive understanding of phylogenetic relationships among lineages of Acanthaceae s.l. (Lamiales). American Journal of Botany 95(9): 1136-1152.

Metcalfe, C.R. & Chalk, L. 1979. Anatomy of the Dicotyledons. Jil. 1. Oxford: Clarendon Press. hlm. 223-262.

Munsif, S., Khan, M.A., Ahmad, M., Zafar, M., Shah, G.M. & Yasmin, G. 2007. Comparative pollen studies of genera Lantana, Verbena and Vitex of family Verbenaceae from Pakistan. International Journal of Agricultural Biology 9: 545-549.

Noraini, T. 2006. Systematic Studies of Shorea, Hopea, Parashorea and Neobalanocarpus (Dipterocarpaceae) in Malaysia. Thesis PhD in Plant Systematics (Botany), University of Reading, United Kingdom (tidak diterbitkan).

O’Neill, C.S. 2010. Anatomy of the shrimp plant, Justicia brandegeana (Acanthaceae). Studies by Undergraduate Researchers at Guelph 3(2): 41-47.

Rusydi, A., Talip, N., Latip, J., Rahman, R.A. & Sharif, I. 2013. Morphology of trichomes in Pogostemon cablin Benth (Lamiaceae). Australian Journal of Crop Science 7(6): 744-749.

Sass, J.E. 1958. Botanical Microtechnique. Jilid ke-3. Calcutta: Oxford & IBH Publishing Co.

Singh, V. & Jain, D.K. 1975. Trichomes in Acanthaceae I. General structure. Journal of the Indian Botanical Society 54: 116-127.

Wasshausen, D.C. 1989. New species of Justicia (Acanthaceae) from the Planalto of Brazil. Brittonia 41(4): 379-384.

 

 

*Corresponding author; email: amirulaimanahmad@gmail.com